The Effect of Breakfast With Different Macronutrient Composition on PYY, Ghrelin, GLP-1,Glucose Level, VAS for Hunger, VAS for Satiety and Ad Libitum Intake 4 Hours After Breakfast in Obese Women
- Conditions
- ObesityAppetiteProtein ConsumptionPYYGut HormonesGhrelin
- Interventions
- Behavioral: diet with different composition
- Registration Number
- NCT03697486
- Lead Sponsor
- Indonesia University
- Brief Summary
Gut hormones, such as PYY and ghrelin, are associated with appetite control and obesity. Protein is thought to be the most satieting nutrient and could affect production of several gut hormones. This study's objective is to find the effect of breakfast with different protein composition on PYY, ghrelin, and ad libitum intake four hours after breakfast.
The research methodology was used a clinical trial with 22 obese women participants. Subjects were given three types of breakfast: low protein consumption (12.4% protein), medium protein (23.5% protein), and high protein (40,6% protein). PYY and ghrelin level were measured at 0, 15, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after breakfast. Ad libitum meal was given four hours after breakfast and measured after.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- Female
- Target Recruitment
- 22
- BMI 25-30 (obese)
- with stable body weight within the last 6 months (body weight change less than 4 kg)
- normal blood glucose level.
- patients who never had breakfast
- patients in weight loss program
- patients consuming lipid-absorption inhibitor or appetite-suppressing drugs
- patients that have had gastrointestinal tract resection.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description High Protein diet with different composition (40,6% protein) Moderate Protein diet with different composition (23.5% protein) Low Protein diet with different composition (12.4% protein)
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Ghrelin levels at 180 minute 180 minutes analyzed by ELISA, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
PYY levels at 15 minute 15 minutes analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
GLP-1 levels at 0 minute baseline analyzed by ELISA, directly taken after having the breakfast with different protein composition
Glucose levels at 60 minute 60 minutes analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
Ghrelin levels at 60 minute 60 minutes analyzed by ELISA, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
Ghrelin levels at 120 minute 120 minutes analyzed by ELISA, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
PYY levels at 0 minute baseline analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, directly taken after having the breakfast with different protein composition
PYY levels at 60 minute 60 minutes analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
GLP-1 levels at 120 minute 120 minutes analyzed by ELISA, taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
Ad Libitum intake 4 hours Mean Ad Libitum intake (calories) in subjects four hours after breakfast with different protein composition
Ghrelin levels at 0 minute baseline analyzed by ELISA, directly taken after having the breakfast with different protein composition
Ghrelin levels at 15 minute 15 minutes analyzed by ELISA, taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
PYY levels at 180 minute 180 minutes analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
Glucose levels at 0 minute baseline analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken directly after having the breakfast with different protein composition
Glucose levels at 15 minute 15 minutes analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
Glucose levels at 120 minute 120 minutes analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for hunger at 15 minutes 15 minutes Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for hunger at 120 minutes 120 minutes Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for hunger at 180 minutes 180 minutes Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
PYY levels at 120 minute 120 minutes analyzed by Radioimmunoassay, taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for hunger at 60 minutes 60 minutes Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for satiety at 0 minute baseline Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken directly after having the breakfast with different protein composition
GLP-1 levels at 15 minute 15 minutes analyzed by ELISA, taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
GLP-1 levels at 60 minute 60 minutes analyzed by ELISA, taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
GLP-1 levels at 180 minute 180 minutes analyzed by ELISA, taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for hunger at 0 minutes baseline Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), directly taken after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for satiety at 15 minute 15 minutes Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 15 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for satiety at 60 minute 60 minutes Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 60 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for satiety at 180 minute 180 minutes Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
VAS for satiety at 120 minute 120 minutes Visual Analog Scale, a scale in the form of an empty straight line with no values but only several level point (ex: if the line is 10cm, then each cm represent 1 level). Extreme choices are both ends of the straight line. The minimum value is at the left end and the maximum value is at the right end. The subject must make a choice between the two ends of the line by giving an X mark (ex : if the subject feels less hunger, then the subject should mark X at the second point from far left), taken 120 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
Glucose levels at 180 minute 180 minutes analyzed by standard random glucose level from venous blood, taken 180 minutes after having the breakfast with different protein composition
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Departement of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia
🇮🇩Jakarta, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia