University of Indonesia

Combined Calcium Ionophore and Pentoxifylline Improve Embryo Quality in Dual Gamete Deficiency Mouse Model

- A University of Indonesia study is the first to examine embryo quality when both immature oocytes and immotile sperm are present, using a controlled mouse model. - Calcium ionophore (5 μM) significantly improved oocyte maturation (45.3% vs. 32.0%, P < 0.05), while pentoxifylline (10 μM) significantly increased sperm motility versus washed and unwashed controls. - The combined CaI + PTX group achieved the highest proportion of good-quality embryos (42%), compared with CaI alone (25%), PTX alone (18%), and controls (10%). - The combination significantly improved embryo quality versus untreated controls but did not outperform either adjuvant alone, and CaI induced parthenogenesis in 39.6% of treated oocytes.