Burnout, Emotional Distress and Needs in Frontline COVID-19 Healthcare Workers: Cross-sectional Study in a Belgian Population
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 693
- 试验地点
- 5
- 主要终点
- Burnout
研究概览
简要总结
Background: In the Covid-19 pandemic context, all healthcare teams face clinical, organizational and technical challenges given the contagion, severity and mortality characteristics of the disease. A study reported the negative psychological impact on healthcare workers of this new situation, in terms of depression, anxiety and distress. Working in frontline constitutes an independent risk factor for worse mental health outcomes.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study aiming to compare levels of burnout, emotional distress and needs between frontline Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 healthcare workers. Any physician, nurse and physiotherapist will be recruited from emergency care units and Covid-19 care units (target group) and from non-Covid-19 care units (control group) from different hospitals in Belgium. The participation will occur on a voluntary basis. Participants will be recruited from April 15th 2020 to May 15th 2020. Participants will complete self-reported questionnaires and scales. A mixed-mode data collection will be carried out, either in paper or web-based form. This mixed-mode survey will ensure the highest range of participants, considering the hygiene and organizational requirements for target care units. Assessment will provide socio-demographic characteristics and professional information. It will also measure professional fulfillment and burnout with the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI), emotional distress with the Depression, Anxiety and Distress Scale-Short Form (DASS-21), sleep disturbance with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and needs with the Needs and Difficulties Inventory (developed for the study).
Hypothesis: This study is based on the hypothesis that higher levels of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress will be found in frontline Covid-19 healthcare workers than in non-Covid-19 healthcare workers. Considering the unprecedented challenges for healthcare workers and organizations, and considering the exploratory nature of the study, no hypothesis is made for the needs of the healthcare workers.
Statistical Analysis: Means and standard deviation will be calculated for the PFI, the DASS-21, the ISI and the NDI. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) will be performed including the PFI, the DASS-21 and the ISI scores to test the effect of group (work position), occupation and the two-way group × occupation interaction effect. Age, gender, profession, sector of activity, job status and job experience will be entered as covariate. Odds ratio will be also provided. All tests are two-tailed and alpha is set at .05. All analyzes will be performed using IBM SPSS®, version 26.
详细描述
This is a cross-sectional comparative study based on self-reported questionnaires and scales (validated for the most part) assessing the levels of burnout, emotional distress, sleep disturbance and needs in frontline Covid-19 healthcare workers vs non-Covid-19 healthcare workers. The enrollment and the course of the study will be carried out on site. Participants are volunteers and are informed about the objectives and methods of the study.
Any physician, nurse or physiotherapist (referred as "healthcare worker") actively working in a medical care unit from different medical facilities will be informed of the study. An email containing information regarding the study and its implications will be sent. If required by the care unit they work in, potential participants will also be invited to a one-time information session. Potential participants will also be given an information form during this oral information session. Participants will be recruited from April 15th to May 15th 2020.
The assessment will be proposed by paper or web-based self-reported questionnaires and scales. This mixed-mode survey will not be randomized and will ensure the highest range of participants, considering the hygiene and organizational requirements in the target units. The assessment time will be proposed at the participant's inclusion. Because of the mixed-mode survey and anonymity of data, the completion of questionnaires and scales will be considered as informed consent as stated in the information form received by the participants.
The questionnaires and scales include sociodemographic characteristics, professional information, the Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form (DASS-21), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Needs and Difficulties Inventory (NDI, developed for the study).
Healthcare workers from emergency units, non-intensive Covid-19 and intensive Covid-19 units will be in the target group. Healthcare workers from non-Covid-19 units will be in the control group. In terms of enrollment, 200 participants (100 in each group) are expected. The objectives of the study will be reached by statistical comparison of these groups.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Ability to read, speak and write in French;
- •Being professionally active (doctor, nurse or physiotherapist) within a medical care unit;
排除标准
- •Having been off work (for medical, professional or personal reasons) for ≥ 3 weeks before first assessment time.
结局指标
主要结局
Burnout
时间窗: 1 assessment time, at inclusion
Measured with the Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI). This is a 16-item scale, divided into 2 sub-scales: professional fulfillment (6 items) and burnout, including professional exhaustion (4 items) and interpersonal disengagement (6 items). Subscales scores are given by the mean of all sub-scale items (professional fulfillment, 0-4; burnout, 0-4). Cut-off scores are set for the fulfillment sub-scale at \> 3, significant professional fulfillment and for the burnout sub-scale at \> 1.33, significant burnout.
Emotional Distress
时间窗: 1 assessment time, at inclusion
Measured with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form (DASS-21). This a 21-item scale divided into 3 7-item sub-scales: depression, anxiety and stress. Sub-scales scores are given by the sum of all sub-scale items. The DASS has a 4-point Likert scale. Responses options range from " Never " to " Almost always " (0-3 score range). Only cut-off scores are provided for the original version of the DASS. Sub-scales scores must therefore be multiplied by 2. Cut-off scores for depression are Normal, 0-9; Mild, 10-13; Moderate, 14-20; Severe, 21-27; Extremely severe, 28+. Cut-off scores for anxiety are Normal, 0-7; Mild, 8-9; Moderate, 10-14; Severe, 15-19; Extremely severe, 20+. Cut-off scores for stress are Normal, 0-14; Mild, 15-18; Moderate, 19-25; Severe, 26-33; Extremely severe, 34+.
Insomnia
时间窗: 1 assessment time, at inclusion
Measured with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). This is a 7-item scale. The ISI has a 5-point Likert scale (0-4 score range). Responses options range from " None " to " Very severe " for items 1a., 1b. and 1c., from " Very satisfied " to " Very dissatisfied " for item 2 and from " None " to " Very much " for items 3,4 and 5. The ISI provides a total score by summing all items scores. Cut-off scores are set for no clinically significant insomnia (0-7), subthreshold insomnia (8-14), moderate clinical insomnia (15-21) and severe clinical insomnia (22-28).
次要结局
- Needs and difficulties in work situations(1 assessment time, at inclusion)
研究者
Dr Julien Tiete
Dr
Université Libre de Bruxelles