Evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using framingham risk score, qrisk3, interheart risk scores and their correlation with lipoprotein (a) level.

Cardiovasculardiseases (CVDs) are the single leading cause of death globally.Diabetes elevates the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications,particularly atherosclerotic vascular disease. Cardiovascular events remain themajor cause of death for those with diabetes, accounting for about 70% of alldeaths in the patient population.

Lipoprotein (a)is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle with the glycoprotein apo(a) covalentlybound to apo B-100. Apo(a) is a highly glycosylated hydrophilic apolipoproteinwhich is synthesized by the liver. Apo(a) is structurally homologous to theplasma protein plasminogen which is involved in the lysis of clots.Strong evidence in epidemiological, genetic, and prospective cohort studiesverified that circulating lp(a) levels were associated with the presence ofcardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipoprotein (a) is an emergingcardiovascular risk factor which is also associated with diabetes.

In the presentstudy CVD risk in type 2 diabetes will be assessed and categorized into thoseat   low, moderate, and high CVD risk bycalculating various risk scores methods that are: 17

(1) FRAMINGHAMRISK SCORE

(2) QRISK3

(3) INTERHEARTRISK SCORE

Hospital basedcross sectional study will be carried out in Department of Biochemistry of RUHSCollege of Medical Sciences & associated hospital, Jaipur, over a period of1.5 years. 90 participants of either gender with type 2 DM will be recruited attendingmedicine OPD and IPD  after writteninformed consent and ethics approval from the institutional ethics committee. normal distribution=1.96, absoluteprecision =9% prevalence =25% so so sample size will be taken approximate  90. and in this study patients will be included 30 to 70 years age of either gender of type 2 diabetes mellitus .