Breast Versus Bottle Study
Overview
- Phase
- N/A
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Breastfeeding
- Sponsor
- California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo
- Enrollment
- 94
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Infant Intake During the Observed Feeding (mL)
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 2 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
The objective of the proposed research is to conduct a within-subject experimental study that will assess the effect of feeding mode (breast- versus bottle-feeding) on the quality and outcome of infant feeding interactions.
Investigators
Alison Ventura
Associate Professor
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Mothers 18-40 years of age
- •Infants 0-24 weeks of age
- •Infants who have not yet been introduced to complementary foods and beverages
- •Dyads are breast- and bottle-feeding
- •Mother is predominantly or solely responsible for infant feeding
Exclusion Criteria
- •preterm birth (i.e., gestational age \<37 weeks)
- •low birth weight (\<2500 g)
- •maternal smoking during pregnancy
- •current or past medical conditions that interfere with oral feeding
- •history of slow growth or failure to thrive
- •weight for length percentile \<5th
- •diagnosed developmental delay (e.g., Down's syndrome)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Infant Intake During the Observed Feeding (mL)
Time Frame: 2-hour period
For both breast- and bottle-feedings, infant intake will be assessed by pre- and post-weighing the baby on an infant scale (model 374; Seca, Hamburg, Germany). During bottle-feedings, we will also note whether the infant finishes the bottle.
Maternal Sensitivity to Infant Cues
Time Frame: 2-hour period
Mother and infant behavior during each feeding will be coded using the Nursing Child Assessment Parent-Child Interaction - Feeding Scale (NCAFS). This scale contains six subscales, four of which describe maternal attributes (Sensitivity to Cues, Response to Child's Distress, Social-Emotional Growth Fostering, and Cognitive Growth Fostering) and two of which describe infant attributes (Clarity of Cues and Responsiveness to Caregiver). The proposed analysis will focus on the Sensitivity to Cues subscale, which measures the degree to which the mother is able to understand and respond to her child's cues. This scale provides a global measure of how sensitive the mother is to the infant's needs during the feeding interaction. Possible score range is 0-16, which is derived from summing together maternal scores for each of the 16 subscale items. Higher scores indicate greater sensitivity to infant cues.