MedPath

Drug-Drug Interaction - 3 Arm - Carboplatin/Paclitaxel, Dacarbazine

Phase 1
Completed
Conditions
Advanced Melanoma
Interventions
Registration Number
NCT00796991
Lead Sponsor
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Brief Summary

The purpose of this clinical research study is to learn the pharmacokinetics of Ipilimumab when combined with Paclitaxel/Carboplatin or Dacarbazine

Detailed Description

Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
72
Inclusion Criteria
  • Histologic diagnosis of advanced malignant melanoma
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performances status 0-1
  • Measurable/evaluable disease as per modified World Health Organization (mWHO) criteria
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Exclusion Criteria
  • Evidence of active brain metastases
  • Prior treatment with anti-cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) or anti-CD137 (type of tumor necrosis factor) antibody
  • Total Bilirubin greater than (>) 1.5 * upper limit of normal (ULN) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2.5 * upper limit of normal (ULN)
  • Prior Autoimmune disease
  • Use of immunosuppressing therapies
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Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Arm BDacarbazine-
Arm AIpilimumab-
Arm ACarboplatin-
Arm APaclitaxel-
Arm BIpilimumab-
Arm CIpilimumab-
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to 21 Days [AUC(0-21d)] for Ipilimumab and AUC Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity [AUC(INF)] for Paclitaxel, Dacarbazine and the Active Metabolite AIC - Pharmacokinetic Analysis PopulationDay 1 (0 h) to Day 43

AUC=micrograms\*hour(h) per mL (µg\*h/mL): derived from drug concentration versus time for ipilimumab (Day 43 only) and paclitaxel, dacarbazine, and AIC (Days 1, 43). Ipilimumab determined from plasma ELISA; LLOQ=0.8 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.6 µg/mL; sample times on Day 43=0 hour (h) predose, 1.5, 4.0, 24, 72, 168, 336, 504 h post dose; starting Day 162 every 12 weeks (Day 1 and 22= 0 h). Paclitaxel determined from plasma using LC/MS/MS detection; LLOQ=10 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL); ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; sample times Day 1 and Day 43=0 h predose, 1.5, 3.0, 3.5, 5,5, 9.5, 24, 48 h postdose. Dacarbazine (DTIC) and AIC determined from plasma using liquid chromatography API tandem mass spectrometry (LC-API/MS/MS) detection; LLOQ for dacarbazine=10.0 ng/mL; ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; AIC LLOQ=0.05 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.0 µg/mL; sample times Day 1: 0 h predose, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.5, 9.5, 24 h post dose.

Pharmacokinetic Parameter Maximum Observed Serum Concentration (Cmax) for Ipilimumab, Paclitaxel, Dacarbazine and the Active Metabolite for Dacarbazine, 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide (AIC)- Pharmacokinetic Analysis PopulationDay 1 (0 h) to Day 43

Cmax=micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL): drug concentration versus time for ipilimumab (Day 43) and paclitaxel, dacarbazine, and AIC (Days 1, 43). Ipilimumab determined from plasma by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); lower level of quantitation (LLOQ)=0.8 µg/mL; upper limit of quantitation (ULOQ)=25.6 µg/mL; Day 43=0 hour (h) predose, 1.5, 4.0, 24, 72, 168, 336, 504 h post dose; from Day 162 on every 12 weeks (Day 1 and 22= 0 h). Paclitaxel determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) detection; LLOQ=10 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL); ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; Day 1 and Day 43=0 h predose, 1.5, 3.0, 3.5, 5,5, 9.5, 24, 48 h postdose. Dacarbazine (DTIC) and AIC determined from plasma using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure ionization (API) tandem mass spectrometry (LC-API/MS/MS) detection; LLOQ for dacarbazine=10.0 ng/mL; ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; AIC LLOQ=0.05 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.0 µg/mL; Day 1: 0 h predose, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.5, 9.5, 24 h post dose.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Pharmacokinetic Parameter of Time of Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for Ipilimumab, Paclitaxel, Dacarbazine and Active Metabolite AIC - Pharmacokinetic Analysis PopulationDay 1 (0 h) to Day 43

Tmax reported in hours (h): derived from drug concentration versus time for ipilimumab (Day 43 only) and paclitaxel, dacarbazine, and AIC (Days 1, 43). Ipilimumab determined from plasma ELISA; LLOQ=0.8 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.6 µg/mL; sample times on Day 43=0 hour (h) predose, 1.5, 4.0, 24, 72, 168, 336, 504 h post dose; starting Day 162 every 12 weeks (Day 1 and 22= 0 h). Paclitaxel determined from plasma using LC/MS/MS detection; LLOQ=10 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL); ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; sample times Day 1 and Day 43=0 h predose, 1.5, 3.0, 3.5, 5,5, 9.5, 24, 48 h postdose. Dacarbazine (DTIC) and AIC determined from plasma using liquid chromatography API tandem mass spectrometry (LC-API/MS/MS) detection; LLOQ for dacarbazine=10.0 ng/mL; ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; AIC LLOQ=0.05 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.0 µg/mL; sample times Day 1: 0 h predose, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.5, 9.5, 24 h post dose..

Number of Participants in Best Overall Response Categories Based on Modified World Health Organization (mWHO) Criteria - All Treated ParticipantsDay 1 to Week 48

Assessments for antitumor activity by physical exam and routine anatomic imaging were at Week 12 and confirmatory imaging at Weeks 16, 20, and 24. Participants with resected index or new lesions were considered progressed in their disease. Complete Response (CR): Complete disappearance of all index lesions; Partial Response (PR): Decrease, relative to baseline, of 50% or greater in the sum of the products of the two largest perpendicular diameters of all index lesions, in the absence of Complete Response; Stable Disease (SD): Does not meet criteria for complete or partial response, in the absence of progressive disease. Participants with PR or CR that was not confirmed after at least 4 weeks are scored as SD unless they have new primary lesions; Progressive Disease: At least 25% increase in the sum of products of all index lesions and/or the appearance of any new lesion(s). Unknown=the participants overall response was not known.

Number of Participants With Objective Response to Treatment and Disease Control Using mWHO Criteria - All Randomized ParticipantsDay 1 to Week 48

Number of participants with an objective response to treatment excluded participants with a best overall response (BOR) of Stable Disease (SD). Disease control is non-progression of disease while on treatment. A participant was considered to have achieved disease control if he/she had a BOR of CR, PR, or SD in the absence of resected index lesions or new lesions while the participant was considered to have an objective response to treatment in he/she had a BOR of CR or PR in the absence of resected index lesions or new lesions.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Albumin - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Albumin was measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): \< LLN - 3.0; GRADE (2): \< 3.0 - 2.0; GRADE (3): \< 2.0 g/dL.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Total Lipase - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Total Lipase (as measured with a turbidimetric assay) was measured as units per liter (U/L). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): \> 1.0 - 1.5 \* ULN; GRADE (2): \> 1.5 - 2.0 \* ULN; GRADE (3): \> 2.0 - 5.0 \* ULN; GRADE (4): \> 5.0 X ULN.

Mean Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) at Each Nominal Ipilimumab Induction Dose and at End of the Induction Period - Pharmacodynamic PopulationDay to Week 12

Absolute lymphocyte counts were obtained from routine hematology panels from 28 days prior to the first treatment with any study medication through the end of the Induction-Dosing Period and were reported as number\*10\^3 cells per micro liter (x10\^3 c/µL).

Mean Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate at Weeks 16 and 48 - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Pulse rate was obtained while the participant was sitting down and measured in beats per minute (bpm). During the induction phase pulse rate was collected 30 minutes prior to dosing and every 30 minutes for the duration of the ipilimumab infusion. Pulse rate was recorded at Weeks 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 during the Induction Phase, and at Weeks 24, 36, and 48 during the Maintenance Phase.

Pharmacokinetic Parameter of Terminal Elimination Half Life (T-HALF) for Ipilimumab, Paclitaxel, Dacarbazine and Active Metabolite AIC - Pharmacokinetic Analysis PopulationDay 1 (0 h) to Day 43

T(HALF) reported in hours (h): derived from drug concentration versus time for ipilimumab (Day 43 only) and paclitaxel, dacarbazine, and AIC (Days 1, 43). Ipilimumab determined from plasma ELISA; LLOQ=0.8 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.6 µg/mL; sample times on Day 43=0 hour (h) predose, 1.5, 4.0, 24, 72, 168, 336, 504 h post dose; starting Day 162 every 12 weeks (Day 1 and 22= 0 h). Paclitaxel determined from plasma using LC/MS/MS detection; LLOQ=10 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL); ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; sample times Day 1 and Day 43=0 h predose, 1.5, 3.0, 3.5, 5,5, 9.5, 24, 48 h postdose. Dacarbazine (DTIC) and AIC determined from plasma using liquid chromatography API tandem mass spectrometry (LC-API/MS/MS) detection; LLOQ for dacarbazine=10.0 ng/mL; ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; AIC LLOQ=0.05 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.0 µg/mL; sample times Day 1: 0 h predose, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.5, 9.5, 24 h post dose.

Pharmacokinetic Parameter of Clearance (CLT) for Ipilimumab, Paclitaxel, Dacarbazine and Active Metabolite AIC - Pharmacokinetic Analysis PopulationDay 1 (0 h) to Day 43

CLT reported in milliliters/hour (mL/h): derived from drug concentration versus time for ipilimumab (Day 43 only) and paclitaxel, dacarbazine, and AIC (Days 1, 43). Ipilimumab determined from plasma ELISA; LLOQ=0.8 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.6 µg/mL; sample times on Day 43=0 hour (h) predose, 1.5, 4.0, 24, 72, 168, 336, 504 h post dose; starting Day 162 every 12 weeks (Day 1 and 22= 0 h). Paclitaxel determined from plasma using LC/MS/MS detection; LLOQ=10 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL); ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; sample times Day 1 and Day 43=0 h predose, 1.5, 3.0, 3.5, 5,5, 9.5, 24, 48 h postdose. Dacarbazine (DTIC) and AIC determined from plasma using liquid chromatography API tandem mass spectrometry (LC-API/MS/MS) detection; LLOQ for dacarbazine=10.0 ng/mL; ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; AIC LLOQ=0.05 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.0 µg/mL; sample times Day 1: 0 h predose, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.5, 9.5, 24 h post dose..

Pharmacokinetic Parameter Volume of Distribution at Steady State (Vss) for Ipilimumab, Paclitaxel, Dacarbazine and Active Metabolite AIC - Pharmacokinetic Analysis PopulationDay 1 (0 h) to Day 43

Vss reported in liters(L): derived from drug concentration versus time for ipilimumab (Day 43 only) and paclitaxel, dacarbazine, and AIC (Days 1, 43). Ipilimumab determined from plasma ELISA; LLOQ=0.8 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.6 µg/mL; sample times on Day 43=0 hour (h) predose, 1.5, 4.0, 24, 72, 168, 336, 504 h post dose; starting Day 162 every 12 weeks (Day 1 and 22= 0 h). Paclitaxel determined from plasma using LC/MS/MS detection; LLOQ=10 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL); ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; sample times Day 1 and Day 43=0 h predose, 1.5, 3.0, 3.5, 5,5, 9.5, 24, 48 h postdose. Dacarbazine (DTIC) and AIC determined from plasma using liquid chromatography API tandem mass spectrometry (LC-API/MS/MS) detection; LLOQ for dacarbazine=10.0 ng/mL; ULOQ=5000 ng/mL; AIC LLOQ=0.05 µg/mL; ULOQ=25.0 µg/mL; sample times Day 1: 0 h predose, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.5, 9.5, 24 h post dose.

Number of Participants in Best Overall Response Categories Based on Immune Related (ir) Response Criteria (RC) - All Treated ParticipantsDay 1 to Week 48

Assessments: Weeks 12, 16, 20, and 24. Participants with resected index or new lesions considered progressed in their disease. The immune-related (ir) response criteria (irRC) represents further modifications of mWHO criteria reflecting clinical experience with ipilimumab in which objective and durable responses (as per mWHO) were observed in participants following progression and without intervening alternative anti-cancer therapy. Immune-related (ir)Complete Response (irCR): Complete disappearance of all index lesions; ir Partial Response (irPR): Decrease, relative to baseline, of 50% or greater in sum of products of the two largest perpendicular diameters of all index and all new measurable lesions, in the absence of irCR; ir Stable Disease (irSD): Does not meet criteria for irCR or irPR, in the absence of progressive disease (PD); ir PD: At least 25% increase in Tumor Burden compared to sum of product diameters (SPD) at nadir. ir Unknown=participants overall response not known.

Number of Participants With Adverse Events, Serious Adverse Events, Deaths, and Discontinuation Due to Adverse Events From Day 1 to Week 48 - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Adverse events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs) were graded using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse events version 3.0. Week 48 database lock was 27 July 2010.

Mean Change From Baseline at Weeks 16 and 48 in Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressure - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Blood pressure was obtained while the participant was sitting down and was measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). During the induction phase blood pressure was collected 30 minutes prior to dosing and every 30 minutes for the duration of the ipilimumab infusion. Orthostatic blood pressure was to be measured when clinically indicated (for example, participant was experiencing lightheadedness, dizziness, syncope). Blood pressures were recorded at Weeks 1, 4, 7, 10,13, 16, 19, and 22 during the Induction Phase, and at Weeks 24, 36, and 48 during the Maintenance Phase.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

ALT was measured as Units per Liter (U/L). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): \> 1.0 - 2.5 \* upper limits of normal (ULN); GRADE (2): \> 2.5 - 5.0 \* ULN; GRADE (3): \> 5.0 - 20.0 \* ULN; GRADE (4): \> 20.0 \* ULN.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Total Bilirubin - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Total Bilirubin was measured as milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): \> 1.0 - 1.5 \* upper limits of normal (ULN); GRADE (2): \> 1.5 - 3.0 \* ULN; GRADE (3): \> 3.0 - 10.0 \* ULN; GRADE (4): \> 10.0 \* ULN.

Mean Change From Baseline in Respiration Rate at Weeks 16 and 48 - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Respiration rate was obtained while the participant was sitting down and measured in breaths per minute (bpm). During the induction phase respiration rate was collected 30 minutes prior to dosing and every 30 minutes for the duration of the ipilimumab infusion. Respiration rate was recorded at Weeks 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 during the Induction Phase, and at Weeks 24, 36, and 48 during the Maintenance Phase.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Platelet Count - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Platelets were measured as \*10\^9 cells per liter (c/L). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): 75.0 - \< LLN; GRADE (2): 50.0 - \< 75.0; GRADE (3): 25.0 - \< 50.0; GRADE (4): \< 25.0.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

AST was measured as Units per Liter (U/L). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): \> 1.0 - 2.5 \* upper limits of normal (ULN); GRADE (2): \> 2.5 - 5.0 \* ULN; GRADE (3): \> 5.0 - 20.0 \* ULN; GRADE (4): \> 20.0 \* ULN.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Alkaline Phosphatase - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Alkaline Phosphatase was measured as Units per Liter (U/L). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): \> 1.0 - 2.5 \* upper limits of normal (ULN); GRADE (2): \> 2.5 - 5.0 \* ULN; GRADE (3): \> 5.0 - 20.0 \* ULN; GRADE (4): \> 20.0 \* ULN.

Mean Baseline Change in Body Temperature at Weeks 16 and 48 - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Temperature was obtained while the participant was sitting down and was measured in degrees Fahrenheit (F). During the induction phase this vital sign was collected 30 minutes prior to dosing and every 30 minutes for the duration of the ipilimumab infusion. Temperature was recorded at Weeks 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 during the Induction Phase, and at Weeks 24, 36, and 48 during the Maintenance Phase.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) Grade for Hemoglobin - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Hemoglobin was measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): 10.0 - less than (\<) lower limit of normal (LLN); GRADE (2): 8.0 - \< 10.0; GRADE (3): 6.5 - \< 8.0; GRADE (4): \< 6.5

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) Grade for Lymphocytes - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Lymphocytes (absolute) were measured as \*10\^3 cells per microliter (c/µL). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) version (v) 3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): 0.8 - \< 1.5; GRADE (2): 0.5 - \< 0.8; GRADE (3): 0.2 - \< 0.5; GRADE (4): \< 0.2

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Neutrophils - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Neutrophils (absolute) are measured as \*10\^3 cells per microliter (c/µL). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): 1.5 - \< 2.0; GRADE (2): 1.0 - \< 1.5; GRADE (3): 0.5 - \< 1.0; GRADE (4): \< 0.5

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Neutrophils Plus Bands - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Neutrophils plus bands (absolute) were measured as \*10\^3 cells per microliter (c/µL). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): 1.5 - \< 2.0; GRADE (2): 1.0 - \< 1.5; GRADE (3): 0.5 - \< 1.0; GRADE (4): \< 0.5.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Total Amylase - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Amylase was measured as units per liter (U/L). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): \> 1.0 - 1.5 \* upper limits of normal (ULN); GRADE (2): \> 1.5 - 2.0 \* ULN; GRADE (3): \> 2.0 - 5.0 \* ULN; GRADE (4): \> 5.0 \* ULN.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) Grade for Leukocytes - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Leukocytes are measured as \*10\^3 cells per microliter (c/µL). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) version (v) 3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): 3.0 - \< LLN; GRADE (2): 2.0 - \< 3.0; GRADE (3): 1.0 - \< 2.0; GRADE (4): \< 1.0.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Serum Potassium (High) - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Serum potassium was measured as milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): 3.0 - \< LLN OR \> ULN - 5.5;; GRADE (2): \> 5.5 - 6.0; GRADE (3): 2.5 - \< 3.0 \> 6.0 - 7.0; GRADE (4): \< 2.5 mEq/L.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Total Calcium (High) - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Total Calcium was measured as milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): 8.0 - \< LLN OR \> ULN - 11.5; GRADE (2): 7.0 - \< 8.0 \> 11.5 - 12.5; GRADE (3): 6.0 - \< 7.0 \> 12.5 - 13.5; GRADE (4): \< 6.0 \> 13.5 mg/dL.

Number of Participants on Treatment With Toxicity Changes From Baseline by Worst CTC Grade for Uric Acid - All Treated PopulationDay 1 to Week 48

Uric acid was measured as milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) v3.0 was used to determine Grade. GRADE (1): \> 1.0 \* ULN - 10.0; GRADE (4): \> 10.0 mg/dL.

Trial Locations

Locations (4)

The Angeles Clinic & Research Inst.

🇺🇸

Los Angeles, California, United States

H Lee Moffit Cancer Cnt And Res Inst

🇺🇸

Tampa, Florida, United States

Blumenthal Cancer Center, Carolinas Medical Center

🇺🇸

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

🇺🇸

New York, New York, United States

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