Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Exercise on Health

Not Applicable

Not yet recruiting

• Conditions: Intermittent Inspiratory Muscle Training; Eupnea

• Registration Number: NCT07095179
• Lead Sponsor: National Taiwan Normal University

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether inspiratory muscle training has an immediate effect on energy expenditure, heart rate, blood glucose, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness in healthy adults, obese adults, and adults with type 2 diabetes.

Detailed Description

Participants will be asked to complete two trials involving intermittent exercise, which will include eupnea and inspiratory muscle training (IMT), as well as a resting control condition, in a randomized crossover study design. The trials will be separated by a minimum of 48 hours and will be completed within a 7-day period. Throughout all trials, participants will be required to remain relaxed and seated on an adjustable examination bed. For the IMT intensity, participants will utilize an inspiratory muscle training device (PowerBreathe Plus, Powerbreathe International Ltd., UK) and adjust the resistance to a level at which breathing continuously for 20 breaths is perceived as "somewhat hard" (RPE = 13), according to the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. This will take place during a 3.5-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). During the trials, participants may watch television or read; however, typing on a laptop or computer will be prohibited.

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2025-07
• Study First Submitted: 2025-07-24
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-07-24
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-07-24
• Study First Posted: 2025-07-31
• Last Update Posted: 2025-07-31
• Study Start: 2025-08-01
• Primary Completion: 2027-08-01
• Study Completion: 2027-08-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 48

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Blood glycaemic responses	210 minutes	Changes in blood glycaemic responses between trials
Pulse wave velocity (PWV)	210 minutes	Changes in pulse wave velocity between trials

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)	210 minutes	Changes in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) between trials
Energy expenditure	210 minutes	Changes in energy expenditure between trials
Visual analogue scale (VAS)	210 minutes	Changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) between trials
Perceived stress scale (PSS)	210 minutes	Changes in perceived stress scale (PSS) between trials