Comparing Haloperidol to Olanzapine in the Treatment of Suspected Cannabinoid Hyperemesis in the Emergency Department

Subjects will be weighed, have blood drawn (~20 mL, 5 teaspoons) and analyzed (CBC w/diff, CMP, lipase, quantitative hcG (if female)), urinalysis with microscopy if indicated, urine drug screen, and an ECG as part of standard routine care for such complaint in the emergency department. After consent is obtained, subjects will then be asked to rate their baseline nausea and abdominal pain on two separate 10-cm visual analog scales (VASs) [0-10, 0.5 for minor symptoms, 10 for severe symptoms].

The subjects will be pre-randomized with a computer program by an unaffiliated person to evenly distribute participants. Envelopes will be prepared by pharmacy staff with the participant number and assigned study drug, Haloperidol 5 mg or Olanzapine 10 mg, to be ready for use when a patient is enrolled. Opaque or otherwise concealed syringes will be used to maintain blinding of the administering nurse. Using a standardized order set within the EMR, subjects will be given the assigned study drug intramuscularly, and the nurse will document "CH2O study drug administered" in the electronic medical record. The subject will be monitored with five cardiac leads and pulse oximeter after receiving the study drug. While receiving intravenous crystalloid and sips of oral rehydration solution as needed, patients again will score their nausea and abdominal pain 60 minutes after medication administration, using a parallel 10-point VAS with prior score(s) visible. At 60-120 minutes after treatment, the treating physician identifies discharge readiness or, failing that, provides further orders including any rescue antiemetics (ondansetron, prochlorperazine, promethazine, or metoclopramide recommended), fluids, or imaging deemed necessary. Lastly, if appropriate, record to the nearest minute the time the patient was deemed discharge ready. After the patient's ED visit, no further collaboration will be needed from the patient. The ED chart will be reviewed to collect data including ability to tolerate liquids PO at one hour, if abdominal imaging was ordered, time of medication administration to ED discharge, admission status, need for rescue antiemetic or analgesics. The subject's information will not be used or distributed for future research studies

Subjects, all physicians, nurses, ED pharmacists, research personnel, and the investigators, including the biostatistician, will be blinded to treatment allocation until the end of the trial. In case of emergency, the unblinding will be permitted.