Effect Of Scaling and Root Planning on Alkaline Phosphatase in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontitis Patients Compared With Healthy Subjects Before and After Treatment

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the periodontium and is the leading cause of adult tooth loss (Hajishengallis 2014). Periodontitis causes systemic inflammation and immune response via microorganisms and their products in subgingival plaque biofilm, and it is a risk factor for systemic diseases (Lim et al. 2020).

Diagnosis of periodontal disease is made after analyzing the information collected from a periodontal examination. Traditional periodontal diagnostic parameters used clinically include probing depths, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment levels, plaque index and radiographs assessing alveolar bone level (Taba et al. 2005).

The aim of periodontal diagnostic procedures is to provide the clinician with useful information about the current periodontal disease type, location, and severity. These findings form the foundation for treatment planning and provide critical information during the periodontal maintenance and disease-monitoring phases of treatment (Taba et al. 2005).

Traditional diagnostic procedures are inherently limited, in that only disease history, not current disease status, can be assessed. Advances in diagnostic research in oral and periodontal disease are moving toward methods whereby periodontal risk can be identified and quantified by objective measures such as biomarkers (Sanikop S et al.2012).

A biomarker is a substance that indicates a biological state and serves as an objective measure to assess current and future disease activity (Pavankumar et al. 2015). The response of an organism to periodontal infection includes production of several enzymes released from stromal, epithelial, inflammatory, or bacterial cells. These intracellular enzymes are released increasingly from the damaged cells of periodontal tissues into the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva (Sanikop S et al.2012).