Validity and Reliability of the Expectation Scale in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

• Conditions: Musculoskeletal Disorder; Chronic Pain

• Registration Number: NCT04222036
• Lead Sponsor: Baskent University

Brief Summary

Questionnaires are available to measure expectations based on patient and treatment expectations in musculoskeletal disorders. In order to elucidate the factors that change expectations in the treatment of pain, more valid and reliable measurement tools are needed to measure the expectations of patients. The validity and reliability made in Turkey, there is no comprehensive study that measures the expectations of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the Turkish validity and characteristics of the Chronic Pain Expectations Scale in patients with pain due to chronic musculoskeletal disorders.

Detailed Description

Considering the multidimensionality of pain experience, multidisciplinary approaches are accepted as gold standards in the treatment of pain . Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, therapeutic therapies and treatment beliefs are generally considered to be key to these approaches. However, clinically significant pain treatment responses have not yet been clearly defined . Research suggests that their expectations may be one of the key components in the treatment of pain.

Expectation refers to the complex interplay of thoughts, values, and beliefs that are composed of past experiences and represent an assessment of expected outcomes specific to a situation. Four types of expectations have been proposed: ideal (desires and outcome preferences), predicted (expected outcome), normative (what one thinks should be) and unformed (not explicitly expressed). Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of expectations in pain experience. Expecting pain reduction is usually associated with decreased pain intensity and improved treatment outcomes. In contrast, expecting increased pain is associated with increased pain. Complex and severe expectations may also affect treatment response. A person's level of participation in the treatment plan can be greatly influenced by expectations. Waiting for the full recovery of chronic pain as a result of treatment may pose an obstacle to functioning and quality of life.

Questionnaires are available to measure expectations based on patient and treatment expectations in musculoskeletal disorders. In order to elucidate the factors that change expectations in the treatment of pain, more valid and reliable measurement tools are needed to measure the expectations of patients. The validity and reliability made in Turkey, there is no comprehensive study that measures the expectations of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the Turkish validity and characteristics of the Chronic Pain Expectations Scale in patients with pain due to chronic musculoskeletal disorders.

The study will be conducted on 198 volunteer individuals who apply to Baskent University Ankara Hospital Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department and will receive treatment due to chronic musculoskeletal diseases. Each individual participating in the study will be informed about the study.

Patients with pain due to chronic musculoskeletal disorders, native speakers of Turkish, those over the age of 18 and under 65 and literate individuals will be included in the study. Individuals with neurological disease and no pain problems will not be included in the study.

Treatment Expectations Scale in Chronic Pain, Positivity Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Disease Cognition Questionnaire will apply.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2019-12-31
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-01-06
• Study First Posted: 2020-01-09
• Study Start: 2020-10-08
• Primary Completion: 2020-10-30
• Status Verified: 2021-03
• Study Completion: 2021-03-10
• Last Update Submitted: 2021-03-17
• Last Update Posted: 2021-03-18

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: UNKNOWN
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 198

Inclusion Criteria

• Patients with pain due to chronic musculoskeletal disorders,
• native speakers of Turkish, those over the age of 18 and under 65 a

Exclusion Criteria

• illiterate individuals
• Individuals with neurological disease and no pain problems

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Treatment Expectations Scale in Chronic Pain	baseline	The Chronic Pain Treatment Expectations Scale is a self-report questionnaire that measures the ideal and predicted expectations of patients. The items are designed to measure two aspects of expectations; ie process and result expectations. The instructions are as follows: The following questions are about your expectation for treatment for your chronic pain. For each question, please tick the box that is most appropriate, (1) What do you expect to be ideal during the healthcare appointment (s) (in the ideal world, what do you want it to happen) (2) What do you expect to be realistic during the healthcare appointment (s) (2) in real life, what do you actually expect). For each item, patients are asked to select the extent to which they will participate in an ideal and predicted expectations on a 5-point scale (1 = strongly disagree 5 = strongly agree). Thus, each item is scored twice by the participants.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Positivity Scale	baseline	Positivity Scale, directly evaluate the positivity levels of individuals. The original form of the instrument has a five-degree likert-type assessment. The Positivity Scale consists of eight items, one of which is reversed (item 6). internal consistency coefficient was found to be 0.75.
Disease Cognition Questionnaire	baseline	Disease Cognition Questionnaire was determine the cognition of individuals. It is advantageous for large-scale operations due to its low cost, validity and reliability and ease of application. The questionnaire contains a list of statements of individuals with long-term illness. The questionnaire consists of 18 statements. Individuals are asked to what extent they accept the statements. 4 points indicate that they agree completely and 1 point indicates that they never agree. The expressions are grouped under 3 headings, 6 in each category; 1. Helplessness (concentration on the deterrent aspects of the disease),; 2. Acceptance (a positive adaptation to chronic disease with emphasis on reducing its negative aspects),; 3. Perceived benefits (assigning positive meaning to the disease). High scores for the survey indicate that disease awareness is high.
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale	baseline	The aim of the scale is to determine the severity and severity of the patient by determining the patient's susceptibility to anxiety and depression. The test has a total of 14 questions. Seven of these questions measure anxiety (odd numbers) and the remaining seven measure depression (even numbers). The cut-off points were 10 for anxiety and 7 for depression. Accordingly, those above this score are considered at risk.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Baskent University; 🇹🇷 Ankara, Turkey