Effects of Gince Zumba and Square Stepping Exercises on Motor and Cognitive Functions in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Cukurova University
- Enrollment
- 51
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Stroop Color Test Completion Time
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of structured exercise interventions (Gince Zumba and Square Stepping) on cognitive, motor and behavioral functions of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Specifically, this study aims to:
- compare the effects of Gince Zumba and Square Stepping on motor perfoemance, including coordination and reaction time.
- examine changes in cognitive functions, particularly attention and memory functions following each exercise intervention.
- evaluate the impact of both exercise programs on behavioral symptoms and social adaptation as reported by parents
- determine whether rhytm-based exercise (Gince Zumba) or cognitively demanding stepping exercise (Square Stepping) is more effective in imroving functional outcomes in children with ADHD.
Based on these aims, the study was conducted as follows:
- Eligible participants were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention groups ( square stepping group, gince zumba group, control group)
- All participants underwent baseline assessments prior to the interventions
- Participants in the intervention groups performed assigned activities for eight weeks, while the control group did not engage in regular physical activity during the same period.
- Following the completion of the interventions, all participants underwent post-intervention assessments
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Supportive Care
- Masking
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking Description
This was a single-blind study in which outcome assessors were blinded to group allocation
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 8 Years to 12 Years (Child)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Ability to read and understand Turkish language
- •Use of psychostimulant medication for at least 2 months prior to enrollment
Exclusion Criteria
- •Diagnosis of intellectual disability
- •Comorbidity of medical or psychiatric
- •Inability to participate in physical activity
Arms & Interventions
Gince Zumba Group
Participants in this arm received the Gince Zumba exercise program conducted two times per week for eight weeks
Intervention: Gince Zumba Exercise (Other)
Square Stepping Group
Participants in this arm received the Square Stepping exercise program conducted two times per week for eight weeks
Intervention: Square Stepping Exercise (Other)
Control Group
Participants in this arm received no regular physical activity for eight weeks
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Stroop Color Test Completion Time
Time Frame: Baseline and at the end of the 8-week intervention
The Stroop Color Test is a neuropsychological assessment used to evaluate selective attention, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. In this study, the primary outcome is the total time required to complete the interference condition of the Stroop task, measured in seconds. Shorter completion time indicates better attentional control and executive functioning. Measurements will be obtained before and after the 8-week exercise intervention.
Visual-Auditory Digit Span Test Total Score
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
The Visual-Auditory Digit Span Test (VADST) is a neuropsychological assessment used to evaluate short-term memory and working memory through auditory and visual digit recall tasks. The primary outcome measure is the total test score, expressed in points, obtained from correct responses across all subtests. Higher total scores indicate better memory performance and cognitive processing capacity. The assessment will be administered at baseline and after the 8-week intervention period.
Secondary Outcomes
- Blaze Pod Reaction Time Score(Baseline and after 8 weeks)
- Blaze Pod Number of Hits(Baseline and after 8 weeks)
- Blaze Pod Total Number of Errors(Baseline and after 8 weeks)
- Conners Parent Rating Scale Total Score(Baseline and after 8 weeks)
Investigators
Ceylan Ekerer
Principal Investigator
Cukurova University