Combined Effects of Plyometric and Endurance Training Among Female Hockey Players

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: Endurance Training; Plyometric Exercise; Hockey
• Interventions: Other: Endurance training; Other: Combined Plyometric and Endurance Training; Other: Plyometric Training

• Registration Number: NCT06509672
• Lead Sponsor: Riphah International University

Brief Summary

Athletes need plyometric training as well as endurance training to enhance their speed, strength and agility in the field. Plyometric exercise involves stretching the muscle immediately before making a rapid concentric contraction. The combined action is commonly called a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). Similar gains of maximal strength have been reported with traditional strength and plyometric training, but the latter approach appears to induce greater gains in muscle power. The combination of balance and muscle strength/power exercises seems to be an appropriate possibility, since both modalities induced adaptation on the neuromuscular level. A blocked combination of balance and muscle strength exercises effectively improve physical performance, and improvements in performance are more pronounced if balance exercises are followed by strength exercises than vice versa.

Detailed Description

Strength and endurance training are often done concurrently by fitness enthusiasts and athletes. Concurrent strength and endurance training however, result in "antagonism" of the training responses. Combined strength and endurance training in previously untrained subjects has developed strength impairment in comparison to strength training alone, whereas endurance development, expressed as increases in maximal aerobic power has not been impaired. A combination of some forms of strength and endurance training maybe "addictive" rather than antagonistic. Some endurance training programs have increases strength and muscle fiber size. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Non-probability convenient sampling technique will be used. Study will be carried in hockey clubs at Lahore. Only female players of age 18-24 with one year experience in hockey, only players who will participate in all training sessions will be included in the statistical analysis. Participants with the history of systemic disease, with history of lower extremity and lumber spine pathology, with prior surgery history and participants having injuries resulting in loss of one or more hockey matches/ training sessions in the preceding three months prior to the initiation of the study will be excluded. Three groups will be included in the study each containing 10 participants. Group A will be given plyometric training for 12 weeks, Group B will be given endurance training for 12 weeks and Group C will be given both trainings for 12 weeks. Pre-training values will be taken prior training. Mid-training values will be taken after 6 weeks of training and post-training values will be taken after training.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2024-06-14
• Status Verified: 2024-07
• Study First Submitted: 2024-07-15
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-07-15
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-07-15
• Study First Posted: 2024-07-19
• Last Update Posted: 2024-07-19
• Primary Completion: 2024-09-14
• Study Completion: 2024-09-14

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 30

Inclusion Criteria

• Only female hockey players

  • Age 18-24 years
  • Athletes with at least one year experience in hockey
  • Athletes must be without previous experience in intense strength/endurance training
  • Only players who will participate in at all training sessions will be included in the statistical analysis

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Exclusion Criteria

• Participants having injuries resulting in loss of one or more hockey matches/ training sessions in the preceding three months prior to the initiation of the study
• Participants with the history of systemic disease
• Participants with history of lower extremity and lumber spine pathology
• Participants with prior surgery history

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Endurance Training	Endurance training	Endurance training will be done on a cycle ergometer. Subjects will initially do six 3-min bouts of exercise with 3-min rest periods between bouts. The bouts will be done at power outputs corresponding to that which require 60 and 80% VO₂ max respectively. After 4 weeks a seventh bout will be added and after 8 weeks an eight bout. After 10 weeks 10 bouts will be done till the end of the training. Each endurance training sub-session will last for 35-45 min.
Combined Plyometric and Endurance Training	Combined Plyometric and Endurance Training	will receive both below mentioned trainings with alternative timings
Plyometric Training	Plyometric Training	First of all, the training session will be started with a warm-up period of 10min. the athlete will be asked to do gentle warm-up exercises. In the next step of training Counter movement jump for Plyometric training (CMJ will be performed with a squat starting position, that is, knees flexed to 90 ° and hands on hips. From this position, the hockey players will be required to bend their knees to a freely chosen angle and perform a maximal vertical thrust. The hands are held on the hips during the jump to avoid any effect of arm-swinging. Participants will be instructed to keep their body vertical throughout the jump, avoiding undue lateral and frontal movements, and to land with knees fully extended.) The CMJ period will be in 2 rounds each round of 8 min with 4 min break between the rounds. The training session will end with a 10min cooling period. The complete plyometric training session will be of 40mins.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Speed	0 week, 6 week, 12 week	will be measured by Sprint test
Strength	0 week, 6 week, 12 week	will be measured by 5 jump distance test
Agility	0 week, 6 week, 12 week	will be measured by t test

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Pakistan Sports Academy; 🇵🇰 Lahore, Pakistan