Expressive Writing: Complementary Treatment for Diabetes
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Sponsor
- Syracuse University
- Enrollment
- 187
- Locations
- 4
- Primary Endpoint
- hemoglobin A1C (indicator of blood glucose)
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 10 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
This study will determine whether the psychological benefits of expressive writing extend to diabetic patients, how long the benefits will last, and whether additional expressive writing "booster" sessions will lead to greater and more sustained improvement in diabetes symptoms and well-being.
Detailed Description
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of blindness, kidney failure, and nontraumatic lower extremity amputation in the United States. Conditions such as stress and depression have been shown to worsen diabetic symptoms. Data indicate that expressive writing (an activity during which individuals deal with stressful experiences by writing about them on paper) has beneficial effects on psychological and physiological outcomes. This study will determine whether diabetes patients can benefit from expressive writing. This study will also determine the duration of the benefits and the effectiveness of booster sessions in improving their diabetic symptoms. Participants will be randomly assigned to engage in expressive writing or neutral writing for 18 months. Participants in the expressive writing group will write about traumatic or stressful events; participants in the neutral writing group will write about neutral topics that do not affect them emotionally. Some participants in the expressive writing group will receive an additional 4 months of booster sessions of expressive writing. All participants will undergo interviews, blood collection, physical exams and complete clinical scales on their disease status, quality of life, and psychological well-being; these assessments will occur at study entry, every 4 months during the study, and at the end of the study.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus made after age 24
Exclusion Criteria
- •Diabetes-related emergency room visit within 3 months prior to study entry
- •Use of psychiatric medication within 3 months prior to study entry
- •Visual or manual limitations that preclude reading and writing
- •Use of insulin within the first year of diabetes diagnosis
- •Pregnancy or plan to become pregnant
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
hemoglobin A1C (indicator of blood glucose)
Time Frame: baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, and 16 months
Secondary Outcomes
- Diabetes symptoms(baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, and 16 months)
- quality of life(baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, and 16 months)
- depression(baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, and 16 months)
- cognitive function(baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, and 16 months)
- stress levels(baseline, 4 months, 8 months, 12 months, and 16 months)