Comparison of the Acute Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols on Flexibility, Vertical Jump, Agility, and Sprint Performance in Amateur Basketball Players: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 45
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change in Countermovement Jump Height
研究概览
简要总结
Brief Summary This randomized controlled trial will compare the immediate effects of three warm-up protocols on physical performance in male amateur basketball players. A total of 45 licensed basketball players aged 15 to 25 years will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: standard dynamic warm-up, dynamic warm-up followed by classical hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, or dynamic warm-up followed by short-duration self-administered PNF stretching.
The main outcome will be the change in countermovement jump height. Additional outcomes will include flexibility, knee range of motion, squat jump height, 20-meter sprint time, agility, dynamic balance, and perceived exertion. Measurements will be performed before the assigned warm-up protocol, immediately after the protocol, and 15 minutes after the protocol.
The study aims to determine whether short-duration self-PNF stretching can improve flexibility while preserving performance more effectively than classical PNF stretching. Each participant will complete the assigned protocol and all assessments during a single study session.
详细描述
This study is designed as a single-center, three-arm, parallel-group, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial investigating the acute effects of different warm-up and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching protocols in male amateur basketball players.
Forty-five licensed amateur basketball players aged 15 to 25 years will be enrolled and randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of the following groups:
Standard dynamic warm-up Standard dynamic warm-up followed by classical hold-relax PNF stretching Standard dynamic warm-up followed by short-duration self-administered PNF stretching Randomization will be performed using a computer-generated block randomization sequence prepared by an independent researcher who will not participate in outcome assessment. Group assignments will be concealed in sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. The investigator conducting the performance assessments will be blinded to group allocation.
All participants will first perform a standardized dynamic warm-up lasting approximately 10 minutes. The program will include light jogging, high knees, butt kicks, walking lunges, side shuffles, carioca running, multidirectional leg swings, and short progressive acceleration runs.
Participants assigned to the classical PNF group will subsequently receive therapist-administered hold-relax PNF stretching for the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexor muscles. Each muscle group will undergo a 6-second submaximal isometric contraction followed by a 20-second passive stretch, repeated three times bilaterally.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
The investigator performing the physical performance assessments will be blinded to group allocation. Randomization will be conducted by an independent researcher who will not participate in outcome assessment. Group assignments will be concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Participants and the physiotherapist supervising or administering the warm-up protocols cannot be blinded because of the visible differences between the interventions. Statistical analyses will be performed using coded group labels.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 15 Years 至 25 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Aged 15-25 years
- •Licensed amateur basketball player
- •Minimum 2 years of basketball experience
- •Basketball training at least 3 days per week
- •No serious lower-extremity injury within the past 6 months
- •No lower-extremity surgery within the past 6 months
- •No acute pain or movement limitation
- •No neurological, vestibular, cardiovascular, or respiratory disorder preventing exercise
- •No strenuous exercise or official competition within the past 48 hours No alcohol consumption within the past 24 hours No caffeine, energy drinks, pre-workout products, or ergogenic supplements on the testing day
- •Written informed consent
- •Parental consent and participant assent for participants younger than 18 years
排除标准
- •Acute lower-extremity muscle, tendon, ligament, or bone injury
- •Knee, hip, or ankle surgery within the past 6 months
- •History of major ligament, meniscal, or Achilles tendon injury
- •Lumbar disc herniation, sciatica, peripheral nerve injury, or neurological disorder
- •Vestibular disorder or balance impairment
- •Hypertension, serious cardiovascular disease, or exercise contraindication
- •Physiotherapy or lower-extremity rehabilitation within the past 3 months
- •Regular structured lower-extremity stretching
- •Acute infection, fever, or poor general health on the testing day
- •Inability to complete the intervention or performance tests
结局指标
主要结局
Change in Countermovement Jump Height
时间窗: Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention
Lower-extremity explosive performance will be assessed using the countermovement jump test. Participants will perform three maximal vertical jumps with their hands placed on their hips. Jump height will be recorded in centimeters using a standardized jump measurement system. The highest value from the three attempts will be used. Higher values indicate better jump performance. Change from baseline will be compared among the three intervention groups.
次要结局
- Change in Squat Jump Height(Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention)
- Change in 20-Meter Sprint Time(Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention)
- Change in T-Test Agility Time(Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention)
- Change in Illinois Agility Test Time(Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention)
- Change in Y Balance Test Composite Score(Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention)
- Change in Sit-and-Reach Distance(Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention)
- Change in Active Knee Flexion Range of Motion(Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention)
- Change in Rating of Perceived Exertion(Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention)
研究者
salih tan
Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
Istanbul Medipol University Hospital