Warm-up of the Inspiratory Musculature and Its Impact on Physiological Parameters and Swimming Performance: Exploration of Intensities Based on Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Not yet recruiting
- Sponsor
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Enrollment
- 52
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Objective To evaluate the acute effect of four inspiratory warm-up intensities (15%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP]) on 100 m freestyle performance, and to analyze their impact on heart rate, blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion, and dyspnea in trained swimmers.
Methods A randomized, crossover, double-blind experimental study was conducted. Participants were swimmers aged ≥18 years, with no respiratory or musculoskeletal pathology.
Each participant completed, in sessions separated by at least three days, an inspiratory muscle warm-up consisting of 30 breaths against resistive loads set at 15%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of their MIP, previously determined using standardized procedures.
Following each intervention, participants performed a maximal 100 m freestyle test. The following variables were recorded:
Swimming time Heart rate (during and post-exercise) Post-exercise capillary blood lactate concentration Rating of perceived exertion (Borg scale) Dyspnea (Dyspnea-12)
Conclusions This study will help identify the optimal inspiratory warm-up intensity to enhance swimming performance.
Detailed Description
Inspiratory warm-up
An intervention performed prior to exercise consisting of breathing against resistance to activate the inspiratory muscles (mainly the diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscles) with the aim of enhancing their performance during subsequent effort.
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP)
The maximum pressure that an individual can generate during a forceful inspiration against an occluded airway. It is an indicator of inspiratory muscle strength and is used to prescribe training intensity.
Relative intensities (15%, 40%, 60%, 80% of MIP)
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Participants of both sexes, aged over 18 years.
- •Minimum swimming training frequency of at least two sessions per week, with a minimum duration of 30 minutes per session, consistently maintained over the last three months.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Current or previous diagnosis of respiratory diseases.
- •Musculoskeletal injuries limiting the ability to perform a 100-meter swimming test.
- •Participation in inspiratory muscle training programs within the last six months.
Arms & Interventions
IMT: 15%
The study will apply four respiratory warm-up intensities (15%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure) to compare their acute effects on these variables. This graded loading approach will allow identification of the optimal dose capable of maximizing diaphragmatic neuromuscular activation without inducing early fatigue, leveraging the post-activation potentiation phenomenon to improve respiratory efficiency and swimming performance.
Intervention: POWERbreath (Device)
IMT:40%
The study will apply four respiratory warm-up intensities (15%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure) to compare their acute effects on these variables. This graded loading approach will allow identification of the optimal dose capable of maximizing diaphragmatic neuromuscular activation without inducing early fatigue, leveraging the post-activation potentiation phenomenon to improve respiratory efficiency and swimming performance.
Intervention: POWERbreath (Device)
IMT: 60%
The study will apply four respiratory warm-up intensities (15%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure) to compare their acute effects on these variables. This graded loading approach will allow identification of the optimal dose capable of maximizing diaphragmatic neuromuscular activation without inducing early fatigue, leveraging the post-activation potentiation phenomenon to improve respiratory efficiency and swimming performance.
Intervention: POWERbreath (Device)
IMT: 80%
The study will apply four respiratory warm-up intensities (15%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure) to compare their acute effects on these variables. This graded loading approach will allow identification of the optimal dose capable of maximizing diaphragmatic neuromuscular activation without inducing early fatigue, leveraging the post-activation potentiation phenomenon to improve respiratory efficiency and swimming performance.
Intervention: POWERbreath (Device)
Investigators
Agustin Velazquez Córdoba
Principal Investigator
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos