PRAISE@COVID-19: Screening Patients for a Strategic Shift to Pulmonary Telerehabilitation

This was an observational study applied to a convenience sample of Pulmonary Rehabilitation outpatients from Hospital Pulido Valente in Lisbon, Portugal, which had ambulatory treatments suspended due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Cross-sectional design was operationalized by a physiotherapist who promptly screened by phone a sample of 100 patients, assessing 90% of the eligible population. Patients had no previous therapeutic relation with the physiotherapist, who was also blind to patient's status at the Pulmonary Rehabilitation program. The screening call took a mean time of 484.8 ± 173.6 seconds, which is proximately about 8 ± 3 minutes per patient, with a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 19 minutes. Screening process included applying the Portuguese version of the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Adapted-Index of Self-Efficacy (PRAISE) and also included questioning patients if they were engaging on a daily routine of respiratory exercises by their initiative, and also if they managed to preserve a daily period to practice physical activity. In case of a positive answer, information concerning available equipment and exercise protocol adopted at patient's home environment was also collected. On a subsequent phase, data about patients' age, diagnosis referral for Pulmonary Rehabilitation, number of completed treatment sessions and weekly frequency, was collected from the hospital information system. Statistical analysis and data management were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A formal sample size was not calculated since this was a convenience sample of 100 patients. Descriptive statistics included mean, standard-deviation, median, quartiles, range, minimum and maximum values and frequencies presented as percentages. Inferential statistics included the Pearson coefficient for PRAISE, age and number of treatment sessions, with the remaining variables analysed by the Spearman coefficient. PRAISE was the primary outcome, with mean comparison analysed by the Student t test, proved the normal distribution and equal variances. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.