A Study to Model Rates of Change on Neuropsychological Test Measures in Subjects Diagnosed With Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Healthy Subjects

Annualized rate of change in International Shopping List Test (ISLT) - Immediate Recall

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

ISLT uses a word list learning paradigm to measure verbal learning. The score for this test is based on the total number of correct responses made in remembering the list on 3 consecutive trials at a single session. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Annualized rate of change in One Back Test

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses an n-back paradigm to measure working memory. The score for this test is based on the speed of performance, measured as the mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses. Lower scores indicate better performance.

Annualized rate of change in Letter Fluency

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that assesses executive function by asking the participant to state as many words as possible starting with a specific letter. The score for this test is based on the number of words generated. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in International Shopping List Test (ISLT) - Immediate Recall

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

ISLT uses a word list learning paradigm to measure verbal learning. The score for this test is based on the total number of correct responses made in remembering the list on 3 consecutive trials at a single session. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in SECT

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses an odd-man-out paradigm to measure social cognition. The score for this test is based on the accuracy of performance, measured as the arcsine transformation of the square root of the proportion of correct responses. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in Letter Fluency

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that assesses executive function by asking the participant to state as many words as possible starting with a specific letter. The score for this test is based on the number of words generated. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Actual values from Day 1 in Neurophsychic Inventory (NPI)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A 12-item participant and caregiver interview based questionnaire assessing behavioral domains which are common in dementia: hallucinations, delusions, agitation/aggression, dysphoria/depression, anxiety, irritability, disinhibition, euphoria, apathy, aberrant motor behavior, sleep and night-time behavior disorders, and appetite and eating disorders. Each domain is scored for frequency on a 4-item scale (1 = rarely to 4 = very often), for severity on a 3-item scale (1 = mild to 3 = severe), and for associated caregiver distress on a 6-item scale (0 = not at all to 5 = very severe or extremely).

Change from Day 1 in FAS-SR

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

This is a self-rated version of the Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder to be completed by the caregiver, which assesses the number of days with accommodating behaviors in the past week using a 5-point Likert scale (0 = none to 4 = every day).

Change from Day 1 in Behavior Rating Scale

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A questionnaire completed by the clinic rater assessing participant's behaviors on a 4-item severity scale (none to severe). Behaviors include agitation, stimulus boundedness, perseverative behavior, decreased initiation, motor stereotypies, distractibility, lack of social/emotional engagement, impulsivity, socially inappropriateness, and impaired or fluctuating levels of alertness.

Actual values from Day 1 of caregiver's Quality of Life (QOL) in Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A caregiver self-reported measure to assess level of burden when taking care of someone, consisting of a 22-item questionnaire. Each question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = never to 4 = nearly always).

Change from Day 1 of caregiver's QOL in Caregiver Assessment Measure

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A questionnaire developed by Biogen which consists of 4 questions. The first 2 questions are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = not at all to 4 = a great deal) and refer to the impact of the participant's disease on the caregiver. The third question refers to the change in the participant's need of care; in case this has increased, an additional question is to be scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = a little more care to 4 = a great deal more care). The last question refers to the amount of care (hours per day).

Actual values from Day 1 for exploratory biomarkers

Time Frame: Baseline, Month 12

Venipuncture for collection of whole blood samples for exploratory blood biomarkers analyses.

Annualized rate of change in ISLT - Delayed Recall

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses a word list paradigm to measure verbal memory. The score for this test is based on the total number of correct responses made in remembering the list after a delay. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in DSC

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A paper and pencil test that assesses attention, working memory, and executive function. The participant is presented with a paper on top of which is printed a key showing numerals paired with symbols and on the bottom are rows of numerals with a blank space beneath each one. The participant is instructed to draw the symbol that matches each numeral and to complete as many as possible in order in 2 minutes. The score for this test is the number of correct responses. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in NPI-Q

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A shorter version of the NPI, intended for use in routine clinical practice. The NPI-Q contains 12 questions scored on symptom presence (yes/no) and severity (mild, moderate, and severe). Frequency on a 4-item scale (rarely to very often) and associated caregiver distress on a 6-item scale (0 = not at all to 5 = very severe or extreme) will also be collected.

Actual values from Day 1 in Revised Self-Monitoring Scale

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A 13-item version of the Self-Monitoring Scale \[Snyder 1974\] which measures sensitivity to the expressive behavior of others and ability to modify self-presentation.

Change from Day 1 in Revised Self-Monitoring Scale

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A 13-item version of the Self-Monitoring Scale \[Snyder 1974\] which measures sensitivity to the expressive behavior of others and ability to modify self-presentation.

Change from Day 1 in UPDRS Part III

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A motor examination domain of the UPDRS, designed to assess progression of Parkinson's disease. It consists of 14 questions scored on a 5-point severity Likert scale (0 to 4).

Actual values from Day 1 of QOL in Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (NeuroQOL)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessment for adults with a neurological disorder, which measures 3 areas: physical health, mental health, and social health. All NeuroQOL items have 5 response options (1 = not at all to 5 = very much). Higher scores represent more impairment or worse health. Participants with bvFTD will complete the following sections of the NeuroQOL: Cognitive Function SF, Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol SF and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities SF. Caregivers will complete the following sections of the NeuroQOL: Satisfaction with Social Roles SF and Activities and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities SF.

Annualized rate of change in Detection Test

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses a simple reaction time paradigm to measure psychomotor function. The score for this test is based on the speed of performance, measured as the mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses. Lower scores indicate better performance.

Annualized rate of change in Identification Test

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses a choice reaction time paradigm to measure attention. The score for this test is based on the speed of performance, measured as the mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses. Lower scores indicate better performance.

Annualized rate of change in Groton Maze Learning Test

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

Modified version (10 x 10, "snake maze" version): this is a test that uses a maze learning paradigm to measure executive function and spatial learning. The score for this test is based on the total number of errors made in attempting to learn the same hidden pathway on 5 consecutive trials at a single session. Lower scores indicate better performance.

Annualized rate of change in Category Fluency

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that assesses executive function by asking the participant to state as many words as possible within a given category. The score for this test is based on the number of words generated. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in Category Fluency

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that assesses executive function by asking the participant to state as many words as possible within a given category. The score for this test is based on the number of words generated. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Actual values from Day 1 in Apathy Inventory

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

Assesses 3 dimensions of apathy: emotional blunting, lack of initiative, and lack of interest, with 1 version each for participants, caregivers, and clinicians. Higher scores reflect greater apathy. For the participant version, yes/no responses are captured for each dimension, then a visual analogue scale or numeric evaluation from 1-12 is captured for severity of functioning (1=mild to 12=extremely severe), for a total score of 36. For the caregiver version, each dimension is scored on a 12-point Likert scale based on frequency (1=occasionally to 4=very frequently: and severity (1=mild to 3=marked), for a total score of 36. The clinician version captures each domain on a scale from 0 to 4 (0=no problem to 4=major problem), for a total score of 12.

Actual values from Day 1 in Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder - Self Rated (FAS-SR)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

This is a self-rated version of the Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder to be completed by the caregiver, which assesses the number of days with accommodating behaviors in the past week using a 5-point Likert scale (0 = none to 4 = every day).

Change from Day 1 in Identification Test

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses a choice reaction time paradigm to measure attention. The score for this test is based on the speed of performance, measured as the mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses. Lower scores indicate better performance.

Annualized rate of change in Social Emotional Cognition Test (SECT)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses an odd-man-out paradigm to measure social cognition. The score for this test is based on the accuracy of performance, measured as the arcsine transformation of the square root of the proportion of correct responses. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in One Back Test

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses an n-back paradigm to measure working memory. The score for this test is based on the speed of performance, measured as the mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses. Lower scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in ISLT- Delayed Recall

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses a word list paradigm to measure verbal memory. The score for this test is based on the total number of correct responses made in remembering the list after a delay. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in LNS

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that assesses working memory by asking the participant to recall series of numbers and letters presented in random order, but to respond by reciting the numbers in ascending order followed by letters in alphabetical order. The score for this test is based on the number of correct answers. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in MMSE

Time Frame: Up to 12 months

A test that assesses working memory by asking the participant to recall series of numbers and letters presented in random order, but to respond by reciting the numbers in ascending order followed by letters in alphabetical order. The score for this test is based on the number of correct answers. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in NPI

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A 12-item participant and caregiver interview based questionnaire assessing behavioral domains which are common in dementia: hallucinations, delusions, agitation/aggression, dysphoria/depression, anxiety, irritability, disinhibition, euphoria, apathy, aberrant motor behavior, sleep and night-time behavior disorders, and appetite and eating disorders. Each domain is scored for frequency on a 4-item scale (1 = rarely to 4 = very often), for severity on a 3-item scale (1 = mild to 3 = severe), and for associated caregiver distress on a 6-item scale (0 = not at all to 5 = very severe or extremely).

Actual values from Day 1 in Neurophsychic Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A shorter version of the NPI, intended for use in routine clinical practice. The NPI-Q contains 12 questions scored on symptom presence (yes/no) and severity (mild, moderate, and severe). Frequency on a 4-item scale (rarely to very often) and associated caregiver distress on a 6-item scale (0 = not at all to 5 = very severe or extreme) will also be collected.

Change from Day 1 in Apathy Inventory

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

Assesses 3 dimensions of apathy: emotional blunting, lack of initiative , and lack of interest , with 1 version each for participants, caregivers, and clinicians. Higher scores reflect greater apathy. For the participant version, yes/no responses are captured for each dimension, then a visual analogue scale or numeric evaluation from 1-12 is captured for severity of functioning (1=mild to 12=extremely severe), for a total score of 36. For the caregiver version, each dimension is scored on a 12-point Likert scale based on frequency (1=occasionally to 4=very frequently: and severity (1=mild to 3=marked), for a total score of 36. The clinician version captures each domain on a scale from 0 to 4 (0=no problem to 4=major problem), for a total score of 12.

Change from Day 1 in FAQ

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A 10-item questionnaire designed to assess independence in participants with Alzheimer's Disease by measuring instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a 4-point Likert scale (0 = normal to 3 = dependent).

Annualized rate of change in Digit Symbol Coding (DSC)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A paper and pencil test that assesses attention, working memory, and executive function. The participant is presented with a paper on top of which is printed a key showing numerals paired with symbols and on the bottom are rows of numerals with a blank space beneath each one. The participant is instructed to draw the symbol that matches each numeral and to complete as many as possible in order in 2 minutes. The score for this test is the number of correct responses. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Annualized rate of change in Letter Number Sequencing (LNS)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that assesses working memory by asking the participant to recall series of numbers and letters presented in random order, but to respond by reciting the numbers in ascending order followed by letters in alphabetical order. The score for this test is based on the number of correct answers. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Annualized rate of change in Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that assesses working memory by asking the participant to recall series of numbers and letters presented in random order, but to respond by reciting the numbers in ascending order followed by letters in alphabetical order. The score for this test is based on the number of correct answers. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in Detection Test

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A test that uses a simple reaction time paradigm to measure psychomotor function. The score for this test is based on the speed of performance, measured as the mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses. Lower scores indicate better performance.

Change from Day 1 in Groton Maze Learning Test

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

Modified version (10 x 10, "snake maze" version): this is a test that uses a maze learning paradigm to measure executive function and spatial learning. The score for this test is based on the total number of errors made in attempting to learn the same hidden pathway on 5 consecutive trials at a single session. Lower scores indicate better performance.

Actual values from Day 1 in Behavior Rating Scale

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A questionnaire completed by the clinic rater assessing participant's behaviors on a 4-item severity scale (none to severe). Behaviors include agitation, stimulus boundedness, perseverative behavior, decreased initiation, motor stereotypies, distractibility, lack of social/emotional engagement, impulsivity, socially inappropriateness, and impaired or fluctuating levels of alertness.

Actual values from Day 1 in Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A 10-item questionnaire designed to assess independence in participants with Alzheimer's Disease by measuring instrumental activities of daily living. Each question is rated on a 4-point Likert scale (0 = normal to 3 = dependent).

Actual values from Day 1 in Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

This is 1 of the items of the Clinical Global Impression, and measures clinical change as improvement or worsening. It is scored on a 7-point Likert scale (marked improvement to no change and to marked worsening).

Actual values from Day 1 in Clinical Dementia Rating-Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (CDR-FTLD)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

An FTLD-modified CDR scale (initially developed for Alzheimer's Disease) which includes 2 additional domains: behavior/comportment/personality and language, to the CDR 6 domains: memory, orientation, judgment and problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care. Each domain is scored on a 5-point impairment Likert scale (normal to severe dementia).

Change from Day 1 of caregiver's QOL in Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A caregiver self-reported measure to assess level of burden when taking care of someone, consisting of a 22-item questionnaire. Each question is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = never to 4 = nearly always).

Change from Day 1 in CGIC

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

This is 1 of the items of the Clinical Global Impression, and measures clinical change as improvement or worsening. It is scored on a 7-point Likert scale (marked improvement to no change and to marked worsening).

Change from Day 1 in CDR-FTLD

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

An FTLD-modified CDR scale (initially developed for Alzheimer's Disease) which includes 2 additional domains: behavior/comportment/personality and language, to the CDR 6 domains: memory, orientation, judgment and problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care. Each domain is scored on a 5-point impairment Likert scale (normal to severe dementia).

Actual values from Day 1 in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A motor examination domain of the UPDRS, designed to assess progression of Parkinson's disease. It consists of 14 questions scored on a 5-point severity Likert scale (0 to 4).

Actual values from Day 1 of caregiver's QOL in Caregiver Assessment Measure

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A questionnaire developed by Biogen which consists of 4 questions. The first 2 questions are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = not at all to 4 = a great deal) and refer to the impact of the participant's disease on the caregiver. The third question refers to the change in the participant's need of care; in case this has increased, an additional question is to be scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = a little more care to 4 = a great deal more care). The last question refers to the amount of care (hours per day).

Change from Day 1 of QOL in AAIQOL

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A measure of caregiver-reported (proxy) QOL in participants with dementia which assesses 2 domains: activity and affect. Activity is a 15-item questionnaire rated on opportunity (no/yes), frequency (none/few/often), and enjoyment (yes/no), with 5 items for outdoors activities and 10 items for home activities. Affect is a 6-item questionnaire, with 3 items for positive effects and 3 items for negative effects, referring to the previous 2 weeks, and scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = several \[3+\] times per day).

Change from Day 1 for exploratory blood biomarkers

Time Frame: Baseline, Month 12

Venipuncture for collection of whole blood samples for exploratory blood biomarkers analyses.

Actual values from Day 1 of QOL in Geriatric Depression Scale- Short Form (GDS-SF)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A 15-item questionnaire developed to assess depression symptoms in elderly participants (55 years or older). Each question is scored as yes/no. This measure has been used in similar dementia populations, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, in addition to 1 FTD study \[Matsuzono 2015\]. While the population in this study may be a bit younger, this measure will be tested for use in the bvFTD population included.

Change from Day 1 of QOL in GDS-SF

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A 15-item questionnaire developed to assess depression symptoms in elderly participants (55 years or older). Each question is scored as yes/no. This measure has been used in similar dementia populations, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, in addition to 1 FTD study \[Matsuzono 2015\]. While the population in this study may be a bit younger, this measure will be tested for use in the bvFTD population included.

Change from Day 1 of QOL in Quality of Life in NeuroQOL

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessment for adults with a neurological disorder, which measures 3 areas: physical health, mental health, and social health. All NeuroQOL items have 5 response options (1 = not at all to 5 = very much). Higher scores represent more impairment or worse health. Participants with bvFTD will complete the following sections of the NeuroQOL: Cognitive Function SF, Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol SF and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities SF. Caregivers will complete the following sections of the NeuroQOL: Satisfaction with Social Roles SF and Activities and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities SF.

Actual values from Day 1 of QOL in EuroOol 5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A self-reported generic HRQL assessment with 2 parts, the first containing 5 tick boxes (no problems, some problems, moderate problems, severe problems, cannot do) to select the most appropriate statement on each of its 5 domains (mobility, self care, usual activities, anxiety/ depression, and pain), and the second with a visual analogue scale ranging from "the best health you can imagine" to "the worst health you can imagine". This version with 5 response levels is called the EQ-5D-5L.

Change from Day 1 of QOL in EQ-5D

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A self-reported generic HRQL assessment with 2 parts, the first containing 5 tick boxes (no problems, some problems, moderate problems, severe problems, cannot do) to select the most appropriate statement on each of its 5 domains (mobility, self care, usual activities, anxiety/ depression, and pain), and the second with a visual analogue scale ranging from "the best health you can imagine" to "the worst health you can imagine". This version with 5 response levels is called the EQ-5D-5L.

Actual values from Day 1 of QOL in Affect and Activity Indicators of QOL (AAIQOL)

Time Frame: Up to 12 Months

A measure of caregiver-reported (proxy) QOL in participants with dementia which assesses 2 domains: activity and affect. Activity is a 15-item questionnaire rated on opportunity (no/yes), frequency (none/few/often), and enjoyment (yes/no), with 5 items for outdoors activities and 10 items for home activities. Affect is a 6-item questionnaire, with 3 items for positive effects and 3 items for negative effects, referring to the previous 2 weeks, and scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never to 5 = several \[3+\] times per day).

bvFTD genetic mutations identification in whole blood samples

Time Frame: Baseline, Month 12

Venipuncture for collection of whole blood samples for identification of bvFTD genetic mutations.

Actual values at Day 1 in Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGIS)

Time Frame: Day 1

This is one of the items of the Clinical Global Impression, and measures clinical severity at baseline. It is rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with illness being rated in the range of 1 (normal) to 7 (severely ill). It requires the clinician to rate the severity of the participant's illness at the time of the assessment, relative to the clinician's past experience with participants who have the same diagnosis.

Potential identification of genetic biomarkers associated with bvFTD from DNA/RNA in whole blood samples

Time Frame: Baseline, Month 12

Venipuncture for collection of whole blood samples for potential identification of genetic biomarkers associated with bvFTD.