Nebulizer Versus Dry Powdered Inhalers for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Phase 4

Terminated

Conditions: COPD Exacerbation
COPD

Interventions: Device: Dry Powder Inhaler
Device: Nebulizers
Drug: Brovana
Drug: Advair Diskus
Drug: Pulmicort
Drug: Spiriva HandiHaler
Drug: Atrovent

Registration Number: NCT03219866

Lead Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Brief Summary: This will be a non-blinded feasibility (pilot) study comparing triple therapy nebulizer vs dry powdered inhalers (DPI) for care transitions in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation patients.

We hypothesize that patients treated in hospital and discharged on respiratory medications administered by nebulizers will exhibit better quality of life (QoL), symptom control, and lower COPD and all cause hospital readmission rates compared with patients treated with respiratory medications delivered by DPI.

We aim to demonstrate that:

1. Patients treated and discharged on nebulized bronchodilators will have fewer readmissions to hospital at 30 and 90 days compared to the group utilizing DPI

2. The nebulizer group will demonstrate a longer duration of time until hospital readmission for COPD and all cause readmission compared to the group utilizing DPI

3. The nebulizer group will demonstrate better QoL (measured by the SGRQ - Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire) and symptom control (as measured by the CAT \& mMRC) compared to the group utilizing DPI.

Detailed Description: Drugs used to treat Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are available primarily in hand held inhaler devices that deliver dry powder (DPI), a soft mist or a metered dose of spray (MDI). The frail, arthritic elderly are often prescribed DPI rather than MDI or soft mist devices, because they require less coordination. DPIs however require the ability to inhale against a resistance with a peak inspiratory force (PIF) more negative than 60 L/min to break the dry powder into respirable particles. Preliminary data suggests that suboptimal PIF's are common during an acute exacerbation of COPD, affecting 48% of hospitalized patients, thus placing them at risk for treatment failure and possibly hospital readmission. Use of nebulizers to administer respiratory medications may avoid the hazards of insufficient dosing that can result from use of DPI however they are cumbersome, expensive and the variety of drugs available in a nebulizer format is limited. We hypothesize that patients treated in hospital and is charged on respiratory medications administered by nebulizers will exhibit better symptom control and lower COPD and all cause hospital readmission rates compared with patients treated with respiratory medications delivered by DPI. We aim to demonstrate that 1) patients treated and discharged on nebulized bronchodilators will have fewer readmissions to hospital at 30 and 90 days compared to the group utilizing DPI 2) that the nebulizer group will demonstrate a longer duration of time till hospital readmission for COPD and all cause readmission compared to the group utilizing DPI and 3) the nebulizer group will demonstrate better symptom control compared to the group utilizing DPI. This nonblinded feasibility (pilot) study will enroll 100 patients hospitalized for an exacerbation of COPD who are \> 40 years of age, have a clinical diagnosis of COPD. The study will consist of 3 outpatient visits (Transitional Care Visit \[314 days after discharge\], Visit #2 \[30 +/5 days after discharge\], and Visit #3 \[90 +/5 days after discharge\]). Visit #2 and #3 are for study purposes, the Transitional Care Visit is standard of care. We hypothesize and aim to demonstrate that patients treated in hospital and discharged on respiratory medications administered by nebulizers will exhibit better quality of life (QoL), symptom control and lower COPD and all cause hospital readmission rates compared with patients treated with respiratory medications delivered by DPI.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: TERMINATED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 40

Inclusion Criteria

> 40 years of age
Clinical diagnosis of COPD
Smoking history > 10 pack years
Lung Function- FEV1/FVC or FEV1/SVC < 70% on bedside spirometry or previous baseline and FEV1/FVC or FEV1/SVC < 70% on clinic visit < 2 weeks from discontinuation
Able to give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

Dementia
Active cancer
End stage cardiovascular disease
Inability to attend outpatient visits
Active Schizophrenia

Pregnancy; subjects will be excluded if female and are not post-menopausal for at least one year. Since there is no possible benefit from participating in this protocol for a pregnant woman, we will exclude pregnant women. If a subject is found to be pregnant during the 90-day study period, they will be excluded from the study and their data not used for study purposes.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Dry Powder Inhaler	Dry Powder Inhaler	Subjects will receive a LABA/ICS (Advair Diskus, twice daily) plus a long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA; Spiriva Handihaler, once daily).
Nebulizers	Atrovent	Subjects will receive a long-acting B2-agonist (LABA; Brovana, twice daily), corticosteroid (ICS; Pulmicort, twice daily), and a short-acting anti-cholinergic (SAMA; Atrovent, three times a day).
Nebulizers	Nebulizers	Subjects will receive a long-acting B2-agonist (LABA; Brovana, twice daily), corticosteroid (ICS; Pulmicort, twice daily), and a short-acting anti-cholinergic (SAMA; Atrovent, three times a day).
Nebulizers	Brovana	Subjects will receive a long-acting B2-agonist (LABA; Brovana, twice daily), corticosteroid (ICS; Pulmicort, twice daily), and a short-acting anti-cholinergic (SAMA; Atrovent, three times a day).
Nebulizers	Pulmicort	Subjects will receive a long-acting B2-agonist (LABA; Brovana, twice daily), corticosteroid (ICS; Pulmicort, twice daily), and a short-acting anti-cholinergic (SAMA; Atrovent, three times a day).
Dry Powder Inhaler	Advair Diskus	Subjects will receive a LABA/ICS (Advair Diskus, twice daily) plus a long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA; Spiriva Handihaler, once daily).
Dry Powder Inhaler	Spiriva HandiHaler	Subjects will receive a LABA/ICS (Advair Diskus, twice daily) plus a long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA; Spiriva Handihaler, once daily).

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Quality of Life Measured by St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)	90 Days	Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more limitations - Symptoms component (frequency \& severity) with a 1, 3 or 12-month recall (best performance with 3- and 12-month recall); Part 2: Activities that cause or are limited by breathlessness; Impact components (social functioning, psychological disturbances resulting from airways disease) refer to current state as the recall

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Symptom Control Measured by The Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC)	90 Days	The Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, or MMRC, uses a simple grading system to assess a patient's level of dyspnea -- shortness of breath. The scale goes from 0-4 with a 0 = I only get breathless with strenuous exercise, 1 = I get short of breath when hurrying on level ground or walking up a slight hill, 2 = On level ground, I walk slower than people of the same age because of breathlessness or have to stop for breath when walking at my own pace, 3 = I stop for breath after walking about 100 yards or after a few minutes on level ground, and 4 = I am too breathless to leave the house or I am breathless when dressing. 4 would represent the worst outcome.
Unscheduled Clinic or ER Visits	90 Days	Compare the number of unscheduled clinic or ER visits between the two arms after 90 days of using each device
Change in Pulmonary Inspiratory Force (PIF) From Baseline at 90 Days - R -2 (Low to Medium Resistance Inhalers)	Baseline and 90 days	Pulmonary inspiratory force (PIF) from hospital baseline between the two arms for the duration of the 90 day study.
Symptom Control Measured by the COPD Assessment Test (CAT)	90 Days	The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a patient-completed instrument that can quantify the impact of COPD on the patient's health. The CAT is a validated, short (8-item) and simple patient completed questionnaire. The CAT has a scoring range of 0-40 and a difference or change of 2 or more units over 2 to 3 months in a patient suggests a clinically significant difference or change in health status. A score of \>30 indicates that COPD has a very high impact on daily life, a score of \>20 indicates a high impact, 10-20 is medium impact, \<10 is low impact, and 5 is the upper limit for healthy non-smokers. A higher score would represent a poor outcome for this test.
Number of Deaths	90 days
Change in Pulmonary Inspiratory Force (PIF) From Baseline at 90 Days - R -5 (High Resistance Inhalers)	Baseline and 90 days	Pulmonary inspiratory force (PIF) from hospital baseline between the two arms for the duration of the 90 day study.
COPD and All-Cause Hospital Readmissions After 30 Days	30 Days	Compare the number of hospital readmissions between the two arms after 30 days of using each device.
COPD and All-Cause Hospital Readmissions After 90 Days	90 Days	Compare the number of hospital readmissions between the two arms after 90 days of using each device.