Effects of 16 Weeks of Different Water-based Training Programs on Neuromuscular, Cardiorespiratory, Functional Capacity, Quality of Life and Cognitive Function Variables in Elderly Woman: a Randomized Clinical Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 52
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Maximal dynamic strength change after eight and sixteen weeks (Kg)
研究概览
简要总结
Purpose: Investigate neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory, functional capacity, quality of life and cognitive adaptations of eight weeks of water-based aerobic and combined training in elderly women previously trained for eight weeks of water-based aerobic training.
Materials and methods: Fifty-four elderly women volunteer will be randomly divided into two groups with ratio of 2:1 (week 0): water-based aerobic training (WBA) and control group (CG). After eight weeks of intervention the WBA group will be randomly divided into two groups with ratio of 1:1 (week 9): WBA and water-based combined training (WBC). The intervention will last 16 weeks with two weekly sessions for water-based training groups and one weekly session for CG. The WBA program will consist only of aerobic exercises while the WBC program will consist of aerobic and resistance exercises in the same session. The WBA training will be performed in the percentages of heart rate corresponding to the anaerobic threshold and the resistance training sets will be performed at maximal effort. Assessments of muscular endurance of knee extensors and elbow flexors, peak oxygen consumption and ventilatory thresholds, occurrence of low back pain and disability from the same, functional capacity (30-second chair stand, 8-foot up-and-go and chair sit-and-reach) and of functional test 8-foot up-and-go with counting task will be performed before (week 0) and after interventions (week 17). Moreover, assessments of maximal dynamic strength in knee extensors and elbow flexors, maximal neuromuscular activity and maximal voluntary isometric contraction of knee extensor muscles, muscle thickness and echo intensity of knee extensor muscles, heart rate, blood pressure, functional capacity (6-minute walk), quality of life and cognitive function will be performed before (week 0), between (week 9) and after interventions (week 17). The data will be analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and Bonferroni post-hoc test (α=0,05).
详细描述
Aging process has its own characteristics, among which the direct association with reductions in muscle mass, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness are highlighted. These reductions cause impairment in functional capacity, affecting the efficiency of elderly individuals to perform daily living tasks. However regular exercise practice can be efficient to mitigate factors associated with aging.
A modality that has been well suited for individuals over 60 years is the water-based exercises training, precisely due to the beneficial conditions of the aquatic environment, such as the lower impact on the lower limbs joints in comparison to the impact observed during exercises performed on land
The aim of the study is to investigate neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory, functional capacity, quality of life and cognitive adaptations of eight weeks of water-based aerobic and combined training in elderly women previously trained for eight weeks of water-based aerobic training.
Volunteer old women age range: 60-75 years old, will participate to this study, and will randomly divided into three groups: water-based aerobic training group (WBA), water-based aerobic and combined training group (WBAC) and control group (CG).
Fifty-four elderly women volunteer will be randomly divided into two groups with ratio of 2:1 (week 0): WBA and CG. After eight weeks of intervention the WBA group will be randomly divided into two groups with ratio of 1:1 (week 9): WBA and water-based combined training (WBC).
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 60 Years 至 75 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Volunteer elderly women, aged between 60-75 years old who were not participating on any regular training program in the last four months
排除标准
- •Cardiovascular disease (except hypertension controlled by medication);
- •Physical impairments for exercise diagnosed through anamnesis;
结局指标
主要结局
Maximal dynamic strength change after eight and sixteen weeks (Kg)
时间窗: Baseline, 8 week and 16 week
Maximal dynamic strenght will be evaluate sing the one-repetition maximum test (1RM) on the bilateral knee extensors and free-weight barbell bilateral elbow flexors. The 1RM value will be consider as the maximal load that could be exerted at the concentric phase for a given exercise. Subjects will be familiar with al procedures in a session one week prior to the test day. Performance time for each contraction (concentric and eccentric) will be controlled by an electronic metronome.
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction of knee extensors change after eight and sixteen weeks
时间窗: Baseline, 8 week and 16 week
The curve of maximum isometric muscle strength of knee extension will be collected at the same time as the eletromiography signal by dynamometer (MIOTEC, Porto Alegre, Brasil) connected to the electromyography. The subjects will receive instruction to exert maximal strength possible as fast as was possible when extending both knees. The subjects will have three attempts at obtaining the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors, each lasting 5 s.
Maximum muscular activity of vastus lateralis and rectus femoris change after eight and sixteen weeks
时间窗: Baseline, 8 week and 16 week
The maximal neuromuscular activity of agonist knee extensors muscles will be evaluate using surface electromyography (RMS values) on the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF). Electrodes were positioned on the muscular belly in a bipolar configuration in parallel with the orientation of the muscle fibers, according to SENIAM project (www.seniam.org). To ensure the same electrode position in subsequent tests, the right thigh of each subject will be map out for the position of the electrode moles and small angiomas by marking on transparent paper.
Muscle thickness and echo intensity of knee extensors change after eight and sixteen weeks
时间窗: Baseline, 8 week and 16 week
Echo intensity and muscle thickness measures will be performed using ultrasound equipment (TOSHIBA-Tosbee/SSA-240A, Japan), with evaluation image in B-mode. Cross-sectional images will be obtained in the muscles of rights lower limbs: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius and rectus femoris. The images will be made in the vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and rectus femoris (midway between the edge of the lateral condyle of the femur and the tip of the greater trochanter) and in the vastus medialis (20% between the edge of the lateral condyle of the femur and the tip of the greater trochanter). To ensure the same probe position in subsequent tests, the right thigh of each subject will be map out for the position of the transductor and small angiomas by marking on transparent paper.
次要结局
- Heart rate change after sixteen weeks(Baseline and 16 week)
- Blood pressure change after sixteen weeks(Baseline and 16 week)
- Cognitive function change after sixteen weeks (Score)(Baseline and 16 week)
- Dynamic muscular resistance change after sixteen weeks(Baseline and 16 week)
- Occurrence of low back pain change after sixteen weeks (%)(Baseline and 16 week)
- Intensity of low back pain change after sixteen weeks (Scale)(Baseline and 16 week)
- Functional capacity change after sixteen weeks(Baseline and 16 week)
- Quality of Life change after sixteen weeks (Score)(Baseline and 16 week)
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness evaluation change after sixteen weeks(Baseline and 16 week)
研究者
Stephanie Santana Pinto
Professor in physical education school
Federal University of Pelotas