3D Augmented Reality Mirror Visual Feedback Therapy Applied to the Treatment of Persistent, Unilateral Upper Extremity Neuropathic Pain: A Preliminary Study
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Enrollment
- 22
- Primary Endpoint
- Pain on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Study Overview
Brief Summary
This study has two objectives. First, to introduce a new virtual reality method that incorporates the mechanisms used in mirror visual feedback through a three-dimensional (3D) augmented virtual reality system. Second, to evaluate the efficiency of this new method on a convenience sample of patients presenting with unresolved neuropathic pain (CRPS, PLP, plexopathy, stroke) who were not responding adequately to both pharmaceutical management and traditional mirror therapy.
Detailed Description
Each patient receives 5 treatment periods over a total period of 1 week, where each treatment period lasts a total of 20 minutes.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Na
- Intervention Model
- Single Group
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Neuropathic pain in the unilateral upper extremity scored by DN4 questionnaire
- •At least 3 months symptom duration following injury
- •Minimum pain of 40 on a visual analogue scale (VAS);
- •A drug treatment regimen that was stable for at least 2 weeks.
- •Subjects were allowed to participate if they presented with any of the following: (1) A CRPS diagnosis, in accordance with the International Association for the Study of Pain criteria, Phantom Limb Pain (PLP), or spinal cord injury or plexopathy; and (2) an history of being treated before by conventional mirror therapy but, in their case, the mirror therapy failed.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Bilateral injury,
- •Patients with epilepsy
- •Side effects known to 3D (such as nausea, cephalalgia)
- •Cognitive disorder
- •Poor knowledge of the French language.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Pain on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time Frame: baseline and week
Visual Analogic Scale assessed pain intensity before and after the intervention. Possible scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain)
Secondary Outcomes
- Neuropathic Pain Assessed With DN4 Questionnaire(1 week)