Effect of Orange Juice and Healthy Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors of Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome
- Conditions
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Interventions
- Other: Orange Juice (500 mL/d)
- Registration Number
- NCT03301675
- Lead Sponsor
- São Paulo State University
- Brief Summary
This study aimed to verify if combination of a healthy diet and orange juice consumption can minimize cardiometabolic risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)
- Detailed Description
The clinical study was parallel, controlled, and randomized with metabolic syndrome subjects (ATPIII, AHA / NHLA) aimed at the consumption of an energy-balanced balanced diet for 12 weeks and divided into two groups: Control (n = 38): dietary guidance only; and Orange Juice (n = 38): diet guidance associated with 500 mL / day of 100% whole orange juice. The recruitment process began in June 2016, the intervention was carried out from September 2016 to December 2016, and the data analysis started in January 2016. The sample number took into account variances on LDL-C, with a type I error α = 0.05 and a type II error β = 0.2 (80% power). The minimum sample size should have 32 individuals per group (n = 64). Considering an approximately 15% dropout rate, the final sample size of study was constituted by 38 individuals per group. Primary and secondary endpoints were the reduction of LDL-C and modification of the levels of cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory and hemodynamics parameters, respectively. Kolmogorov Smirnov and Levene test assessed normality and homogeneity of data, respectively. T-test was conducted to identify possible differences between OJ and control groups at baseline. A linear mixed-effects model was apply to determine the time effect within and between groups (Sidak post hoc) and P significance was set up ≤ 0.05. The assessment of body composition, metabolic biomarkers and food intake were analyzed over a 12-week intervention.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 76
- Three or more of the risk factors of MS: (1) waist circumference man ≥ 102 cm and woman ≥ 88 cm; (2) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg / dL; (3) HDL-C man ≤ 40 mg / dL and woman ≤ 50 mg / dL; (4) blood pressure ≥ 130 / ≥ 85 mm Hg and (5) fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg / dL (common diabetes, high blood pressure);
- 25 ≥ BMI ≤ 39.9 kg / m - overweight to grade II obesity;
- Like to consume orange juice;
- Pregnant / nursing;
- Use of vitamins or vitamin-food supplements in the last three months;
- Individuals with diseases that require specific diet recommendations such as diabetes mellitus with insulin therapy and carbohydrate counts, cancer, chronic liver and kidney disease.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Orange juice Orange Juice (500 mL/d) Orange Juice: Thirty-eight individuals with MetS were submitted to a healthy diet (energy was based on individual actual weight) plus 100% orange juice (500 mL/d) during 12 weeks.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method LDL-C 12 weeks mg/dL
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method TNF-alfa 12 weeks pg/ml
Cardiovascular risk index 12 weeks % risk
HDL-C 12 weeks mg/dL
Glucose 12 weeks mg/dL
Waist circunference 12 weeks cm
Body fat mass 12 weeks kg
Insulin 12 weeks µU/mL
hsCRP 12 weeks mg/dL
IL-6 12 weeks pg/ml
Triglycerides 12 weeks mg/dL
Blood pressure systolic and diastolic 12 weeks mm Hg
Body lean mass 12 weeks kg
Visceral fat area 12 weeks kg
Total cholesterol 12 weeks mg/dL
Body fat 12 weeks percentage
ICAM 12 weeks ng/mL
VCAM 12 weeks ng/mL
Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery - BA-FMD 12 weeks percentage
Common carotid artery intima-media thickness - CCA-IMT 12 weeks mm
Pulse wave velocity - PWV 12 weeks cm/s