Can Applying the Science of Habit Formation to Contemplative Practice Improve Outcomes
- Conditions
- Psychopathology
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Self-Compassionate Touch InterventionBehavioral: Habit Formation Tools
- Registration Number
- NCT05866718
- Lead Sponsor
- University of California, Berkeley
- Brief Summary
In the present study, the investigators will conduct a confirmatory efficacy trial to test whether improving practice automaticity (i.e., habit formation) of self-compassionate touch improves outcomes in the predicted direction. Adults (n=440, including 20% for attrition) will be randomly assigned to: (1) the self-compassionate touch intervention plus habit formation tools ("SCT+HABITS") versus (2) the self-compassionate touch intervention alone ("SCT"). The investigators will conduct assessments at baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. The SCT+HABITS condition will be used to evaluate whether providing habit formation tools results in superior effects to SCT. The intervention will be delivered entirely online.
- Detailed Description
Specific Aim 1: Evaluate whether SCT+HABITS shows more practice frequency and practice automaticity from baseline to 3-month, and to 6-month follow-up compared to the SCT. Hypothesis 1. The SCT+HABITS group will show greater increases in practice frequency and practice automaticity than SCT from baseline to 3-month, and to 6-month follow-up.
Specific Aim 2: Determine whether SCT+HABITS, relative to SCT, will experience increased self-compassion and self-compassion automaticity, and reduced stress and psychopathology. Hypothesis 2. SCT+HABITS will promote greater increases in self-compassion and self-compassion automaticity, and greater reductions in stress and psychopathology from baseline to 3-month, to 6-month follow-up.
Specific Aim 3: Assess whether greater baseline to 3-month follow-up increases in practice automaticity mediate the association between SCT+HABITS and baseline to 6-month follow-up increases in (a) self-compassion and (b) self-compassion automaticity, as well as reductions in (c) stress and (d) psychopathology. Hypothesis 3. Greater baseline to 3-month follow-up increases in practice automaticity will mediate the association between the SCT+HABITS group and baseline to 6-month follow-up increases in (a) self-compassion and (b) self-compassion automaticity, as well as reductions in (c) stress and (d) psychopathology.
Exploratory Aim: Evaluate the barriers, facilitators, and acceptability of SCT+HABITS and SCT alone. This aim will be addressed via qualitative analyses to characterize barriers and facilitators to habit formation, and the proportion of participants in each condition (SCT+HABITS and SCT alone) who noted each type of barrier and facilitator. Participants will self-report on acceptability and feasibility via questionnaire. Then, the investigators will examine whether SCT+HABITS and SCT alone will meet or exceed the established criteria for acceptability and feasibility.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 440
- 18 years of age or older.
- English language proficiency.
- Able and willing to give informed consent.
- Resides in the United States of America
- Does not have email address or access to email.
- Does not personally own a smartphone device
- Not able/willing to participate in and/or complete the baseline assessments
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Self-Compassionate Touch Intervention Plus Habit Formation Tools Habit Formation Tools SCT+HABITS participants will receive the abovementioned procedures, and will also receive evidence-based tools for forming habits. Self-Compassionate Touch Intervention Plus Habit Formation Tools Self-Compassionate Touch Intervention SCT+HABITS participants will receive the abovementioned procedures, and will also receive evidence-based tools for forming habits. Self-Compassionate Touch Intervention Alone Self-Compassionate Touch Intervention All participants will receive the self-compassion intervention after completing their baseline assessment, which will contain the same instructions used in the initial study (see NCT05199779).
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Practice Frequency Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup Number of times practiced self-compassion exercise per week since last assessment. 1 item. Higher frequency indicates a better outcome.
Practice Automaticity (Practice Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index [SRBAI]) Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month follow-up. 4 items, 1-9 scale. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Perceived Stress (Perceived-Stress Scale [PSS-10]) Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup 10 items, 5 point response scale (from 0 = Never to 4 = Very Often). Lower scores indicate a better outcome.
Scoring: Reverse score (e.g., 0 = 4, 1 = 3, 2 = 2, 3 = 1 \& 4 = 0) items 4, 5, 7, \& 8 and then summing across all scale items.Psychopathology (DSM-5 Cross-Cutting Measure [DSM-XC]) Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup 22 items (suicidality item Q11 removed). 5-point scale (0=none or not at all; 1=slight or rare, less than a day or two; 2=mild or several days; 3=moderate or more than half the days; and 4=severe or nearly every day).
Self-Compassion Automaticity (Self-Compassion Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index [SRBAI]) Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup. 20 items. 1-9 scale. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Self-Compassion (Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale [SOCS-S]) Change from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and to 6-month followup 20-items, 5-point response scale. Scores can range from 20 to 100 (Higher score means higher compassion for self). Sub-scale items included.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
University of California at Berkeley
🇺🇸Berkeley, California, United States