Melatonin for Prevention of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients
- Registration Number
- NCT02615340
- Lead Sponsor
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada
- Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with melatonin for prevention of delirium in critically ill adult patients. The investigators hypothesize that melatonin, administered on a scheduled nightly basis during ICU admission, will be efficacious and safe for the prevention of delirium in critically ill adults.
- Detailed Description
The available evidence indicates melatonin may decrease the incidence of delirium in non-critically ill patient populations; however, trials in the critically ill are lacking. The investigators hypothesize that melatonin, administered on a scheduled nightly basis during ICU admission, will be efficacious and safe for the prevention of delirium in critically ill adults. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in delirium incidence between placebo and melatonin. Prior to conducting an adequately powered multi-centre, blinded randomized, placebo-controlled trial in critically ill patients, there is a need for a better understanding of melatonin pharmacokinetics (PK) in critically ill patients. This will help to determine appropriate dosing, drug administration issues (specifically protocol adherence), adverse drug effects, and recruitment rates based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.
The specific aim is to conduct a phase II triple blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial comparing two doses of melatonin (low dose = 0.5 mg and high dose = 2.0 mg) to assess the feasibility of a future full-scale RCT. Feasibility of the larger trial will be based on protocol adherence and participant recruitment rates. Data on PK properties of melatonin will be assessed to determine dosing for future studies of melatonin for delirium prevention in the critically ill.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- UNKNOWN
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 69
- Critically ill patients ≥18 years of age
- Anticipated ICU stay of >48 hours
- Able to receive enteral administration of study drug (i.e. by mouth or any feeding tube = naso- or oro- or percutaneous gastric or post-pyloric feeding tube)
- Consent to participate.
- ICU admission of >48 hours prior to screening
- Unable to assess for delirium (e.g. comatose defined as SAS 1 or 2 or either 'No Response' Score A or B on ICDSC, chemically paralyzed with neuromuscular blocking drugs)
- Screened delirium positive prior to randomization (ICDSC score ≥4 out of 8)
- Anticipated withdrawal in next 48 hours
- Known history of severe cognitive or neurodegenerative disease (e.g. dementia, Parkinson's disease) or severe structural brain injury (e.g. traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage) as the ICDSC assessment tool has not been validated in these patient populations
- Unable to communicate in English or French (Montreal site)
- Contraindications to receiving any enteral medication (defined as absolute contraindication to enteral nutrition such as gastrointestinal obstruction, perforation, recent upper GI surgery, no enteral access)
- Active seizures
- Known pregnancy
- Legal blindness
- Known allergy to melatonin
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Enteral matched placebo Placebo Melatonin 0 mg qs to 5 mL with Oral Mix SF (sugar-free flavoured suspending vehicle) (final concentration 0 mg/mL; final volume in the oral syringe will be 5 mL) Enteral melatonin 0.5 mg Melatonin Melatonin 0.5 mg from the 1mg/mL oral suspension qs to 5 mL with Oral Mix SF (sugar-free flavoured suspending vehicle) (final concentration of 0.1 mg/mL; final volume in the oral syringe will be 5 mL) Enteral melatonin 2 mg Melatonin Melatonin 2 mg from the 1mg/mL oral suspension qs to 5 mL with Oral Mix SF (sugar-free flavoured suspending vehicle) (final concentration 0.4 mg/mL; final volume in the oral syringe will be 5 mL)
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Feasibility: Study adherence 1 year Investigators will calculate protocol adherence as the overall proportion of administered doses in the prescribed dose administration window (between 21:00 and to 23:59 hours) divided by total number of eligible study days.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Feasibility: Trial recruitment 1 year Proportion of ICU patients screened that meet study inclusion criteria, the number of patients excluded and reasons for exclusion, and the consent rate of eligible participants.
Pharmacokinetic: Peak melatonin concentration (Cmax) 24 hours Peak melatonin concentration. Plasma melatonin concentrations measured by mass spectrometry. N=5 from each study arm of Mount Sinai Hospital site.
On study day 1, eight blood samples (4 mL each) will be collected at the following intervals, from the time of first study drug dose to the following morning (time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours).Pharmacokinetic: Time of peak melatonin concentration (Tmax) 24 hours Time of peak melatonin concentration (Tmax). Plasma melatonin concentrations measured by mass spectrometry. N=5 from each study arm of Mount Sinai Hospital site.
On study day 1, eight blood samples (4 mL each) will be collected at the following intervals, from the time of first study drug dose to the following morning (time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours).Pharmacokinetic: Morning melatonin concentration (C9AM) 24 hours Morning melatonin concentration (C9AM). Plasma melatonin concentrations measured by mass spectrometry. N=5 from each study arm of Mount Sinai Hospital site.
On study day 1, eight blood samples (4 mL each) will be collected at the following intervals, from the time of first study drug dose to the following morning (time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours).Pharmacokinetic: Melatonin half-life (T½) 24 hours Melatonin half-life (T½). Plasma melatonin concentrations measured by mass spectrometry. N=5 from each study arm of Mount Sinai Hospital site.
On study day 1, eight blood samples (4 mL each) will be collected at the following intervals, from the time of first study drug dose to the following morning (time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours).Pharmacokinetic: Mean apparent clearance (CL/F) 24 hours Mean apparent clearance (CL/F). Plasma melatonin concentrations measured by mass spectrometry. N=5 from each study arm of Mount Sinai Hospital site.
On study day 1, eight blood samples (4 mL each) will be collected at the following intervals, from the time of first study drug dose to the following morning (time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours).Pharmacokinetic: Mean apparent volume distribution (V/F) 24 hours Mean apparent volume distribution (V/F). Plasma melatonin concentrations measured by mass spectrometry. N=5 from each study arm of Mount Sinai Hospital site.
On study day 1, eight blood samples (4 mL each) will be collected at the following intervals, from the time of first study drug dose to the following morning (time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours).Feasibility: Time in motion (minutes) 1 year Research coordinators at each site will capture the amount of time (minutes) taken to screen, consent, and enrol patients, complete study procedures, and collect data.
Clinical: Delirium incidence 14 days Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) administered daily. Delirium defined as an ICDSC score ≥4.
Clinical: Delirium time to onset and duration (days) 14 days Time to onset of first ICDSC score ≥4, and number of days with ICDSC score ≥4.
Clinical: Sleep 14 days Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) administered daily, where possible. Patients with or without the assistance of their nurse will be asked to complete the questions of the RCSQ each morning. Nurses will not complete the RCSQ if the patient is unable to verbalize, as poor correlation has been shown between patient and nursing scores.
Pharmacokinetic: Area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 24 hours Area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). Plasma melatonin concentrations measured by mass spectrometry. N=5 from each study arm of Mount Sinai Hospital site.
On study day 1, eight blood samples (4 mL each) will be collected at the following intervals, from the time of first study drug dose to the following morning (time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours).Clinical: Adverse events 14 days Adverse events reported by the participant, family, or treating team. The following potential adverse effects will be collected: morning drowsiness (Sedation Agitation Scale (SAS) score \<3 or patient's self report of drowsiness between 07:00h and 12:00h), headache, and vivid dreams.
Clinical: Duration of mechanical ventilation ICU admission Duration of mechanical ventilation (days)
Clinical: ICU length of stay ICU admission Duration of stay for index ICU admission (days)
Clinical: Hospital length of stay 1 year Duration of stay for admission involving trial enrolment (days)
Clinical: ICU mortality 1 year Number of deaths during index ICU admission
Clinical: Hospital mortality 1 year Number of deaths during hospital admission
Trial Locations
- Locations (3)
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
🇨🇦Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur
🇨🇦Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Mount Sinai Hospital
🇨🇦Toronto, Ontario, Canada