Differential Effects of Tabata Exercise on Nitric Oxide Synthases and Maresin in Smokers and Non-Smokers
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Ataturk University
- Enrollment
- 40
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Smoking causes chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction through alterations in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathways. Maresin is an anti-inflammatory pro-resolving lipid mediator that plays important roles in the resolution of inflammatory processes. Tabata exercise is a short-duration, high-intensity exercise modality with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of tabata exercise on iNOS, eNOS, and Maresin levels, as well as the relationships among these biomarkers, in smokers and non-smokers.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Non Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 40 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Age between 18 and 40 years
- •No regular participation in structured physical exercise for at least 6 months prior to enrollment
- •Absence of any acute or chronic inflammatory disease at baseline
- •No history of cardiovascular, metabolic, pulmonary, or neurological disorders
- •Ability to comply with the study protocol and complete the tabata exercise program
- •Provision of written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria
- •Initiation or cessation of smoking during the study period
- •Use of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, corticosteroid, or vasoactive medications
- •Acute infection, surgical intervention, or major trauma within the preceding 3 months
- •Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, or chronic pulmonary disease
- •History of alcohol or substance abuse
- •Pregnancy or breastfeeding
- •Musculoskeletal or orthopedic conditions that could limit participation in tabata exercise
- •Inability to adhere to the exercise protocol or failure to complete follow-up assessments
Arms & Interventions
Smoker
- Current smokers with a smoking history of at least 2 years
- Daily cigarette consumption of ≥10 cigarettes per day
Intervention: Tabata Exercise Protocol (Other)
Nonsmoker
- Individuals who had never smoked, or
- Individuals who had not smoked for at least 5 years, with no history of regular passive smoking exposure
Intervention: Tabata Exercise Protocol (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level
Time Frame: 6 week after exercise
iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
serum inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level
Time Frame: 12 week after exercise
iNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level
Time Frame: 6 week after exercise
eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
serum endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) synthase level
Time Frame: 12 week after exercise
eNOS level were quantified using immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturers' instructions.
Secondary Outcomes
- serum maresin level(6 week after exercise)
- serum maresin level(12 week after exercise)
Investigators
Zafer Bayraktutan
Principal Investigator
Ataturk University