A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of the Granulocyte-macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Gel on the Endometrial Thickness in Infertile Women With Thin Endometrium

The thin endometrium is detrimental to embryo implantation, probability of clinical pregnancy for an endometrial thickness ≤ 7 mm was significantly lower compared with cases with endometrial thickness > 7 mm. It has been reported the granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) increased the endometrial thickness and pregnancy rate of infertile women with thin endometrium during IVF cycle. However, most of the researches were retrospective and small sample size, and the results were conflicted among them. GM-CSF is another member of CSF superfamily, recalling more macrophage than G-CSF, which could be more effective in local homeostasis maintain and wound repair. GM-CSF has been widely used in skin repair after burn. It was also found the GM-CSF and its receptor in endometrium. In the past year, the investigators tried GM-CSF irrigation in 21 women with thin endometrium and most of them received GM-CSF after hysteroscopic examination or slight adhesion relaxing, and the preliminary data suggested that the GM-CSF may promote the endometrial growth. Does the GM-CSF gel can improve the endometrial thickness? Therefore, this study was conducted.