Preventing Aggression in Veterans With Dementia

Phase 3

Completed

• Conditions: Dementia; Pain; Aggression
• Interventions: Behavioral: PAVeD Intervention; Behavioral: Enhanced Usual Care

• Registration Number: NCT01325714
• Lead Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development

Brief Summary

This study tests whether education about memory and pain might help to prevent aggression in persons with dementia who have pain. The overall goal of this intervention is to reduce the risk of aggressive behavior by improving several areas of patient life that are known causes of aggression: pain, depression, lack of pleasurable activities, caregiver stress and difficulty in caregiver-patient communication.

Detailed Description

Dementia is known primarily for its effects on memory, however, eighty percent of persons with dementia also have behavioral disturbances. This is often not addressed, leading to increased use of nursing homes, higher incidence of injury (both patient and caregiver) and the use of tranquilizing medications. Pain is one of the strongest predictors of aggression. The prevalence of pain in persons with dementia is known to be about 50%. Untreated pain is associated with significant negative outcomes, including increased health care use, inactivity and isolation. The investigators aim to determine whether outcome differences exist between active intervention and control conditions in relation to the occurrence of aggressive behavior, pain and depression, and its impact on pleasant activities, caregiver burden, quality of caregiver-patient relationship, antipsychotic use, health-service use, injuries to patient and caregiver, and nursing home placement. The active intervention, Preventing Aggression in Veterans with Dementia (PAVeD), is a family caregiver-focused, home-based intervention that uses psychoeducational and behavioral approaches to help reduce the risk of aggressive behavior in persons with dementia. The objective of PAVeD is to improve several areas of patient life that are known causes of aggression: pain and distress (including mood problems), lack of pleasurable activities, and difficulty in patient-caregiver communication that may negatively affect relationship quality and caregivers' recognition of pain.

Basic Information
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Recruitment & Eligibility
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Study & Design
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Trial Locations

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2011-03-28
• Study First Submitted QC: 2011-03-29
• Study First Posted: 2011-03-30
• Study Start: 2011-05
• Primary Completion: 2015-02
• Study Completion: 2015-09
• Results First Submitted: 2016-03-25
• Status Verified: 2016-05
• Results First Submitted QC: 2016-05-17
• Results First Posted: 2016-05-19
• Last Update Submitted: 2016-05-19
• Last Update Posted: 2016-06-24

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 203

Inclusion Criteria

Patients will be eligible to participate in the study if they meet the following criteria:

• have a documented diagnosis of dementia

• receive primary care from the VA

• reside outside a long-term care facility

• live within 45 minutes of the MEDVAMC

• have mild-to-moderate dementia

• have no history of aggression in the past year

• have no evidence of aggression on the CMAI at baseline (i.e., do not score 2 or higher on both frequency and disruptiveness for any of 13 behaviors listed).

• have a caregiver who is directly involved with the patient:

  • at least 8 hours per week
  • sees the patient at least twice a week
  • and speaks English

• report clinically significant pain (either directly or through the caregiver as a proxy)

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Exclusion Criteria

Patients will be excluded if they have had history of aggression in the past year

• The investigators will administer the aggression subscale of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI)

• Aggression will be considered present if any of the following items are endorsed as having occurred over the prior year:

  • spitting
  • cursing/verbal aggression
  • hitting
  • kicking
  • grabbing
  • pushing
  • throwing
  • biting
  • scratching
  • hurting self/others
  • tearing things/destroying property
  • making inappropriate verbal sexual advances
  • or making inappropriate physical sexual advances

Participants that scored 2 or higher for both frequency and disruptiveness on any of the 13 behaviors listed on the CMAI at baseline were considered aggressive and were excluded from the study.

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Arm 1: PAVeD Intervention	PAVeD Intervention	In the experimental arm, the caregiver will receive six to eight 45-minute visits to teach caregiver about pain and memory problems. The person with dementia will also be able to learn from these visits. These visits will take place over three months.
Arm 2: Enhanced Usual Care	Enhanced Usual Care	In the comparison arm, the caregiver will receive information in the mail about memory problems and pain; and the caregiver will receive eight short telephone calls to check on how the person with dementia is doing.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Participants With Aggression as Determined by the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (Aggression Subscale)	Three Months, Six Months, Twelve Months Post Intervention	The CMAI lists 13 behaviors (2 verbal and 11 nonverbal) and for each behavior the participant indicates how frequently the behavior occurs (1-5, higher values = greater frequency) and how disruptive the behavior is (1-5, higher values = greater disruptiveness). For any given behavior, if a participant scored a 2 or higher on BOTH frequency (i.e., it occurred "less than once a week" or more often) and disruptiveness (i.e., it was "a little" disruptive or more), he/she was considered aggressive.; Overall aggression takes into account all 13 behaviors, whereas verbal aggression only pertains to two behaviors and non-verbal aggression pertains to 11 behaviors.; One is considered verbally aggressive if he/she responds with a 2 or higher on both frequency and disruptiveness for either of the two verbal behaviors.; One is considered non-verbally aggressive if he/she responds with a 2 or higher on both frequency and disruptiveness for any of the 11 non-verbal behaviors.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Caregiver-Reported Worst Pain	Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months	This is one item on the Philadelphia Pain Intensity Scale. One item with scores from 0 to 5, where 0 = no pain, 1 = little pain, 2 = moderate pain, 3 = quite bad pain, 4 = very bad pain, 5 = the pain is almost unbearable.; Higher scores = greater pain severity
Patient-reported Worst Pain.	Baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months	This is one item on the Philadelphia Pain Intensity Scale. One item on a 0-5 scale, where 0 = no pain, 1 = little pain, 2= moderate pain, 3 = quite bad pain, 4 = very bad pain, 5 = the pain is almost unbearable.; Higher scores = greater pain severity.
Caregiver Reported Overall Pain Over the Last Several Weeks	Baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months.	This is one item on the Philadelphia Pain Intensity Scale. One item on a 0-5 scale, where 0 = no pain, 1 = little pain, 2= moderate pain, 3 = quite bad pain, 4 = very bad pain, 5 = the pain is almost unbearable.; Higher scores = greater pain severity.
Patient-reported Overall Pain Over the Last Several Weeks	Baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months	This is one item on the Philadelphia Pain Intensity Scale. One item on a 0-5 scale, where 0 = no pain, 1 = little pain, 2= moderate pain, 3 = quite bad pain, 4 = very bad pain, 5 = the pain is almost unbearable.; Higher scores = greater pain severity.
Depression	Baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months	Geriatric Depression Scale. 30 item scale with response options of yes = 1 and no = 0 to each item.; Total GDS scores range from 0 to 30, with greater scores indicating greater depression.
Pleasant Events - Short Form - Alzheimer's Disease	Baseline, 0, 3, 6, 12 months	The frequency of engagement in pleasant events, according to the Pleasant Events Schedule - Alzheimer's Disease.; For each of 20 events, participants answered the frequency (0 = not at all, 1 = 1-6 times, 2 = 7+ times) they engaged in the event and whether they enjoyed the event (1 = yes, 0 = no).; For each item, frequency x enjoyment were multiplied. Then scores for each of the 20 items were added together.; The possible range of scores on the PES frequency of engagement in pleasant events is from 0 - 40, with higher scores indicating more frequent engagement in pleasant events.
Caregiver Burden	Baseline, 3, 6, 12 months	Caregiver-reported burden, according to the Burden Inventory. 22 items are responded to on a 0-4 scale where 0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = sometimes, 3 = quite frequently, and 4 = nearly always.; Scores are then summed so that the total range is from 0 to 88. Higher scores indicate greater caregiver burden.
Caregiver-perceived Mutuality	Baseline, 3, 6, 12 months	Caregiver-Perceived Total Mutuality (with patient), based on the Mutuality Scale.; Fifteen items about the caregivers' relationship with the patient with dementia were responded to on a 0-4 scale, where 0 = not at all, 1 = a little, 2 = some, 3 = quite a bit, and 4 = a great deal.; responses to all 15 items were averaged, so total scores range from 0-4, with higher values indicating greater mutuality.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX; 🇺🇸 Houston, Texas, United States