Bevacizumab, Sorafenib Tosylate, and Temsirolimus in Treating Patients With Metastatic Kidney Cancer

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma
Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

Interventions: Biological: Bevacizumab
Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Other: Pharmacological Study
Drug: Temsirolimus
Drug: Sorafenib Tosylate

Registration Number: NCT00378703

Lead Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Brief Summary: This randomized phase II trial studies different combinations of bevacizumab, temsirolimus, and sorafenib tosylate to see how well they work compared with bevacizumab alone in treating patients with kidney cancer that has spread to other places in the body. Monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab, may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Bevacizumab and sorafenib tosylate may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking blood flow to the tumor. Temsirolimus and sorafenib tosylate may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving different combinations of bevacizumab, sorafenib tosylate, and temsirolimus may be more effective than bevacizumab alone in treating metastatic kidney cancer.

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess progression-free survival on each arm of combination targeted therapy (CTT) compared to that of bevacizumab alone.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the significance of changes in tumor size over early time points as a predictor of progression-free survival (PFS).

II. To quantify the number and percent of patients who have stable disease at 6 months of therapy (failure to progress) in each treatment arm of CTT in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

III. To evaluate the safety of each treatment arm of combination targeted therapy (CTT) in patients with metastatic RCC.

IV. To assess overall survival in each arm of the study. V. To assess the objective response rate in each treatment arm of CTT in patients with metastatic RCC.

VI. To assess pathology, angiogenesis histology and to assess activation status of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathways and relate to clinical outcome.

TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To analyze the pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic properties of sorafenib (sorafenib tosylate) including angiogenesis, monooxygenases polymorphisms and multi-drug resistance (MDR).

II. To relate changes in tumor perfusion and vascular permeability on serial dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to clinical outcome and radiologic regression detected by other standard methods.

III. To assess the potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI imaging as a biomarker for response to therapy and/or as a prognostic indicator of disease progression.

IV. To assess site readiness and ability in acquiring DCE-MRI data. V. To determine the relationship between tumor and blood biomarkers and clinical outcomes of patients treated with the combination of targeted agents.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 4 treatment arms.

ARM A: Patients receive bevacizumab intravenously (IV) over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15.

ARM B: Patients receive temsirolimus IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 and bevacizumab as in Arm A.

ARM C: Patients receive bevacizumab as in Arm A and sorafenib tosylate orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, and 22-26.

ARM D: Patients receive sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-28 and temsirolimus as in Arm B.

In all arms, courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically for 5 years.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 361

Inclusion Criteria

Patients will be required to have the clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma with less than 25% of any other histology (including, but not limited to, papillary or chromophobe or oncocytic); there must be histologic confirmation by treating center of either primary or metastatic lesion
Patients will be required to have measurable metastatic disease that is not curable by standard radiation therapy or surgery; all sites must be assessed within 4 weeks prior to study entry
Previous nephrectomy is required with the following exceptions:
- Primary tumor =< 5 cm, or
- Extensive liver (> 30% of liver parenchymal) or multiple (> 5) bone metastases, making nephrectomy a clinically questionable procedure
- Unresectable primary tumor due to invasion into adjacent organs or encasing the aorta or vena cava
No prior cytotoxic chemotherapy; a maximum of one prior regimen of either vaccine or cytokine-based immunotherapy disease is permitted
No prior anti-angiogenic therapy including, but not limited to, SU11248, ZD6474 or VEGF Trap; no prior therapy with bevacizumab, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (including, but not limited to, temsirolimus), or sorafenib will be allowed; thalidomide or interferon alpha (IFNalpha) are allowed either for adjuvant therapy or stage IV disease
No immunotherapy within 4 weeks of randomization; toxicities from immunotherapy must have resolved and a minimum of two weeks must pass prior to enrollment
Prior radiation therapy is permitted, but toxicities from radiation must have resolved and a minimum of 2 weeks must pass prior to randomization
No history or clinical evidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease, including primary brain tumor, seizures not controlled with standard medical therapy, any brain metastasis, or history of stroke within the past 48 weeks
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
Life expectancy of greater than 12 weeks
Hemoglobin (Hgb) >= 9.0 g/dL (transfusions allowed prior to enrollment)
White blood count (WBC) >= 3,000/mm^3
Absolute granulocyte count (AGC) >= 1,200/mm^3
Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3
Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or serum creatinine clearance (CrCl) >= 55 ml/min
Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x ULN
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN (or =< 5.0 x ULN in the presence of liver metastases)
International normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) within normal limits
Fasting cholesterol < 350 mg/dL (9.0 mmol/L)
Fasting triglycerides < 400 mg/dL (4.56 mmol/L)
Patients must not have other current malignancies, other than basal cell skin cancer, squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, and ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast; patients with other malignancies are eligible if they have been continuously disease-free for >= 5 years prior to the time of randomization
No history of allergic reactions attributed to Chinese hamster ovary cell products, other recombinant human antibodies, or compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to sorafenib, temsirolimus or bevacizumab
No history of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy
Any condition that impairs patient's ability to swallow pills will make patient ineligible
No major surgical procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to randomization
No anticipated need for major surgery during the course of the study
No current or recent (within 4 weeks of enrollment) use of full-dose of anticoagulants or thrombolytic agents (except as required to maintain patency of preexisting or permanent indwelling IV catheters, for those patients receiving warfarin, INR must be =< 1.5)
No clinically significant cardiovascular disease, defined as one of the following:
- Patients with uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure > 150/100 mm/Hg at the time of enrollment); patients with hypertension and blood pressure =< 150/100 mm/Hg on stable antihypertensive regimen are eligible
- Myocardial infarction or unstable angina < 24 weeks prior to registration
- New York Heart Association grade II or greater congestive heart failure, serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication, unstable angina pectoris
- Grade II or greater peripheral vascular disease
No serious, non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture
No significant proteinuria at baseline; urine protein must be screened within 2 weeks prior to randomization by urine analysis for urine protein creatinine (UPC) ratio; if UPC ratio is > 0.5, 24-hour urine protein is to be obtained and the level must be < 1000 mg for patient enrollment
- NOTE: UPC ratio of spot urine is an estimation of the 24 urine protein excretion; a UPC ratio of 1 is roughly equivalent to a 24-hour urine protein of 1 gm
No uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection requiring parenteral antibiotics on day 0 or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
Patients currently taking any of the following cytochrome P450 enzyme-inducing drugs are ineligible:
- Phenytoin
- Carbamazepine
- Phenobarbital
- Rifampin
Pregnant and breastfeeding women are excluded from the study; breastfeeding should be discontinued while receiving therapy; patients must have pregnancy test within 7 days prior to patient randomization if woman is of child-bearing capacity
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients receiving combination anti-retroviral therapy are excluded from the study

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Arm A (bevacizumab)	Bevacizumab	Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15.
Arm A (bevacizumab)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15.
Arm A (bevacizumab)	Pharmacological Study	Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15.
Arm D (sorafenib tosylate and temsirolimus)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients receive sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-28 and temsirolimus as in Arm B.
Arm B (bevacizumab and temsirolimus)	Bevacizumab	Patients receive temsirolimus IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 and bevacizumab as in Arm A.
Arm B (bevacizumab and temsirolimus)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients receive temsirolimus IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 and bevacizumab as in Arm A.
Arm B (bevacizumab and temsirolimus)	Pharmacological Study	Patients receive temsirolimus IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 and bevacizumab as in Arm A.
Arm B (bevacizumab and temsirolimus)	Temsirolimus	Patients receive temsirolimus IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 and bevacizumab as in Arm A.
Arm D (sorafenib tosylate and temsirolimus)	Pharmacological Study	Patients receive sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-28 and temsirolimus as in Arm B.
Arm C (bevacizumab and sorafenib tosylate)	Bevacizumab	Patients receive bevacizumab as in Arm A and sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, and 22-26.
Arm C (bevacizumab and sorafenib tosylate)	Laboratory Biomarker Analysis	Patients receive bevacizumab as in Arm A and sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, and 22-26.
Arm C (bevacizumab and sorafenib tosylate)	Pharmacological Study	Patients receive bevacizumab as in Arm A and sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, and 22-26.
Arm D (sorafenib tosylate and temsirolimus)	Temsirolimus	Patients receive sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-28 and temsirolimus as in Arm B.
Arm C (bevacizumab and sorafenib tosylate)	Sorafenib Tosylate	Patients receive bevacizumab as in Arm A and sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, and 22-26.
Arm D (sorafenib tosylate and temsirolimus)	Sorafenib Tosylate	Patients receive sorafenib tosylate PO BID on days 1-28 and temsirolimus as in Arm B.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Progression-free Survival (PFS)	Assessed every 2 cycles for the first 12 cycles, then every 3 cycles until treatment discontinuation, then every 8 weeks until disease progression or up to 5 years	Progression-free survival is defined as time from randomization to clinical evidence of disease progression or death from any cause without progression. Patients alive without progression were censored at the date of last disease assessment.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Proportion of Patients With Stable Disease at 6 Months	Assessed every 2 cycles for the first 12 cycles, then every 3 cycles until treatment discontinuation, then every 8 weeks until disease progression or up to 5 years	Patients whose date of progression was after 6 months or who were disease-free at last follow-up beyond 6 months were considered to be stable at 6 months and all other patients were not.
Overall Survival	Assessed every 2 cycles for the first 12 cycles, then every 3 cycles until treatment discontinuation, then every 8 weeks until disease progression or up to 5 years	Overall survival was defined as the time from randomization to death. Patients alive at last contact were censored on the date of last contact.
Objective Response Rate	Assessed every 2 cycles for the first 12 cycles, then every 3 cycles until treatment discontinuation, then every 8 weeks until disease progression or up to 5 years	Response was assessed using Solid Tumor Response Criteria (RECIST). Patients with complete responses or partial responses are considered having an objective response.

Trial Locations

Locations (557): University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Providence Hospital
🇺🇸
Mobile, Alabama, United States
Mayo Clinic in Arizona
🇺🇸
Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
The University of Arizona Medical Center-University Campus
🇺🇸
Tucson, Arizona, United States
Mercy Hospital Fort Smith
🇺🇸
Fort Smith, Arkansas, United States
NEA Baptist Memorial Hospital
🇺🇸
Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
🇺🇸
Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
Alta Bates Summit Medical Center-Herrick Campus
🇺🇸
Berkeley, California, United States
Providence Saint Joseph Medical Center/Disney Family Cancer Center
🇺🇸
Burbank, California, United States
Mills-Peninsula Medical Center
🇺🇸
Burlingame, California, United States
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University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center
🇺🇸Birmingham, Alabama, United States