Bevacizumab and Irinotecan or Temozolomide in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Glioblastoma Multiforme or Gliosarcoma
- Conditions
- Recurrent Adult Brain NeoplasmAdult GlioblastomaAdult Gliosarcoma
- Interventions
- Registration Number
- NCT00433381
- Lead Sponsor
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Brief Summary
This randomized phase II trial is studying the side effects and how well giving bevacizumab together with irinotecan or temozolomide works in treating patients with recurrent or refractory glioblastoma multiforme or gliosarcoma. Monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab, can block tumor growth in different ways. Some block the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Others find tumor cells and help kill them or carry tumor-killing substances to them. Bevacizumab may also stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking blood flow to the tumor. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as irinotecan and temozolomide, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving bevacizumab together with irinotecan or temozolomide may kill more tumor cells.
- Detailed Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. Determine the efficacy of bevacizumab and irinotecan hydrochloride, in terms of 6-month progression-free survival rate, in patients with recurrent or refractory intracranial glioblastoma multiforme or gliosarcoma.
II. Determine the adverse event profile and tolerability of bevacizumab and temozolomide in these patients.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. Determine the efficacy of bevacizumab and temozolomide, in terms of 6-month progression-free survival rate, in patients previously treated with temozolomide.
II. Determine the efficacy of bevacizumab and irinotecan hydrochloride, in terms of objective response, in patients with measurable disease.
III. Determine the efficacy of bevacizumab and temozolomide, in terms of objective response, in patients with measurable disease who were previously treated with temozolomide.
IV. Determine the toxicity profile and tolerability of bevacizumab and irinotecan hydrochloride in these patients.
TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:
I. Assess the potential role of perfusion MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging as an early indicator of response to therapy after 2 weeks of treatment with bevacizumab.
II. Assess the potential role of perfusion MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging as a prognostic indicator based on images taken at baseline, at 2 weeks, and after 2 courses of study treatment.
OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to age (\< 50 vs \>= 50 years of age) and Karnofsky performance status (70-80% vs 90-100%). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms with a 2:1 ratio (arm I:arm II).
ARM I: Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15 and oral temozolomide once daily on days 1-21.
ARM II: Patients receive bevacizumab IV as in Arm I followed by irinotecan hydrochloride IV over 90 minutes on days 1 and 15.
In both arms, treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 24 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. All patients undergo MRI at baseline and at every 2 courses (no 2-week MRI) per standard of care until progression or discontinuation of treatment to assess areas of breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Patients undergo an additional MRI after study therapy. Consenting patients also undergo diffusion and perfusion MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging for correlative studies.
After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up for at least 1 month.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 123
-
Histologically confirmed intracranial glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or gliosarcoma
- Original histology of low-grade glioma with subsequent histological diagnosis of GBM or gliosarcoma allowed
-
Recurrent or refractory disease, meeting all of the following criteria:
-
Must have received prior temozolomide
-
Pathologic or imaging confirmation of tumor progression or regrowth required
- Confirmation of true progressive disease (rather than radiation necrosis) by positron emission tomography, thallium scanning, MRI spectroscopy, or surgical documentation required for patients who received prior interstitial brachytherapy, Gliadel wafer, or stereotactic radiosurgery
-
-
Unequivocal radiographic evidence of tumor progression by MRI within the past 14 days (while on a stable dose of steroids for ? 5 days)
-
No acute intratumoral hemorrhage on MRI
- Patients with MRI demonstrating old hemorrhage or subacute blood after a neurosurgical procedure (biopsy or resection) are eligible
-
Karnofsky performance status 70-100%
-
Not pregnant or nursing
-
Negative pregnancy test
-
Fertile patients must use effective contraception during and for at least 6 months after completion of bevacizumab therapy
-
Systolic blood pressure ? 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ? 90 mm Hg (antihypertensive medication allowed)
-
Able to undergo brain MRI scans with intravenous gadolinium
-
Absolute neutrophil count ? 1,500 cells/mm?
-
Platelet count ? 100,000 cells/mm?
-
Hemoglobin ? 10 g/dL (transfusion or other intervention allowed)
-
WBC ? 3,000 cells/mm?
-
AST < 2 times upper limit of normal
-
Bilirubin ? 1.6 mg/dL
-
Creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL
-
Urine protein:creatinine ratio ? 0.5 by urinalysis OR total urinary protein < 1,000 mg by 24-hour urine collection
-
INR < 1.4 (for patients not on warfarin)
-
No patients with severely impaired renal function (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min or on dialysis)
-
No other prior invasive malignancy, except nonmelanomatous skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix, unless the patient has been disease free and off therapy for that disease for ? 3 years
-
No severe, active comorbidity, defined as any of the following:
- Transmural myocardial infarction or unstable angina within the past 6 months
- Evidence of recent myocardial infarction or ischemia manifested as ST elevation of ? 2 mm by EKG performed within the past 14 days
- New York Heart Association class II-IV congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within the past 12 months
- History of stroke or transient ischemic attack within the past 6 months
- Cerebrovascular accident within the past 6 months
- Serious and inadequately controlled cardiac arrhythmia
- Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm or history of aortic dissection)
- Clinically significant peripheral vascular disease
- Evidence of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy
- Serious or nonhealing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture
- Abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within the past 28 days
- Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of study entry
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy within the past 14 days
- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
-
No significant traumatic injury within the past 28 days
-
No known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant human antibodies
-
No condition that impairs the ability to swallow pills (e.g., gastrointestinal tract disease resulting in an inability to take oral medication; requirement for IV alimentation; prior surgical procedures affecting absorption; or active peptic ulcer disease)
-
No disease that would obscure toxicity or dangerously alter drug metabolism
-
No concurrent major surgical procedures
-
Recovered from prior therapy
-
Recent resection of recurrent or progressive tumor allowed provided the following criteria are met:
- Failed prior radiotherapy that was completed ? 42 days ago
- Residual disease after resection of recurrent glioblastoma is not mandated
-
More than 28 days since prior surgery or open biopsy
-
More than 7 days since prior core or needle biopsy
-
At least 28 days since prior investigational agents
-
At least 14 days since prior vincristine
-
At least 42 days since prior nitrosoureas
-
At least 21 days since prior procarbazine
-
At least 28 days since other prior cytotoxic therapy
-
At least 7 days since prior noncytotoxic agents (e.g., interferon, tamoxifen, thalidomide, or isotretinoin [except radiosensitizers])
-
At least 14 days since prior enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs)
- Concurrent non-hepatic EIAEDs allowed
-
No other concurrent CYP3A4 inducers, such as rifampin or Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort)
-
Concurrent full-dose anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin or low molecular weight heparin) allowed provided all of the following criteria are met:
- No active bleeding or pathological condition that carries a high risk of bleeding (e.g., tumor involving major vessels or known varices)
- In-range INR (usually between 2 and 3) on a stable dose of oral anticoagulants or on a stable dose of low molecular weight heparin
-
No concurrent highly active antiretroviral therapy
-
No concurrent prophylactic use of growth factors
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Arm I (bevacizumab and temozolomide) Bevacizumab Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15 and oral temozolomide once daily on days 1-21. Arm II (bevacizumab & irinotecan hydrochloride) Bevacizumab Patients receive bevacizumab IV as in Arm I followed by irinotecan hydrochloride IV over 90 minutes on days 1 and 15. Arm II (bevacizumab & irinotecan hydrochloride) Irinotecan Hydrochloride Patients receive bevacizumab IV as in Arm I followed by irinotecan hydrochloride IV over 90 minutes on days 1 and 15. Arm I (bevacizumab and temozolomide) Temozolomide Patients receive bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15 and oral temozolomide once daily on days 1-21.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Number of Participants With Predicted Overall Survival (OS) at 12 Months 2 and 8 weeks posttreatment, and every 2 months until 96wks Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Spectroscopy (MRS or MRSI) metabolic tumor ratios will be used to predict 12-month overall survival (OS).
Ratios of NAA/Cho, Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr measured at 2 weeks and 8 weeks and every 2 months until 96wks were used to predict survival, and time to death, evaluated at 96wks, is the determinate of OS at 12 months. Subjects will not be analyzed by arm.Count/Percentage of Patients Progression-free at 6 Months for Bevacizumab and Irinotecan Hydrochloride Arm From randomization to six months. Progression defined as ≥ 25% increase in the size of enhancing tumor or any new tumor; or neurologically worse, and steroids stable or increased. Percentage is calculated by taking the number of patients who have survived 6 months without progression of study disease after study registration in the numerator. The denominator consists of all patients except those who were found retrospectively to be ineligible or who were lost to follow-up after less than 6 months.
Count/Percentage of Patients Discontinuing Treatment Due to Treatment-related Medical Complications(Bevacizumab and Temozolomide Arm) From randomization to end of treatment (treatment can continue up to 24 months for patients with stable or responding tumor). This endpoint determines tolerability of this treatment arm. If tolerable, then the secondary endpoint of treatment efficacy for this arm occurs. Percentage is calculated by taking the number of patients who did not stop bevacizumab and temozolomide treatment due to medical complications in the numerator. The denominator consists of all patients except those who were found retrospectively to be ineligible or who did not begin treatment.
Number of Participants With Predicted Progression-free Survival at 6 Months (PFS-6) 2 and 8 weeks posttreatment, and every 2 months until 96wks Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Spectroscopy (MRS or MRSI) metabolic tumor ratios will be used to predict 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6) over all study participants. Ratios of NAA/Cho, Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr measured at 2 weeks and 8 weeks and every 2 months until 96wks were used to predict survival, and time to progression, evaluated at 96wks, is the determinate of PFS at 6months (PFS-6). Subjects will not be analyzed by arm.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Accuracy of Local PFS 6-mo Interpretation Using Central Review PFS-6 as the Reference Standard baseline visit, week 2, after every 2 cycles of treatment, and at termination of treatment Local reads were treated as the test and central reads were treated as the reference standard. Thus, a participant meeting the definition of progression on any standard MRI central interpretation (baseline visit, week 2, after every 2 cycles of treatment, and at termination of treatment) was considered positive for PFS-6. Therefore, a true positive is defined as a positive local interpretation for a subject with a positive central read.
Patients' Best Objective Response (Complete Response, Partial Response, Stable Disease, Progression) From randomization to death or last follow-up. Patients were followed up to 62.9 months. Tumor size measured in millimeters and is the largest crosssectional area using perpendicular measurements of contrast enhancing abnormality. Complete response (CR): Complete disappearance of all enhancing tumor on consecutive MRI scans at least 1 month apart, off corticosteroids, and neurologically stable or improved. Partial response (PR): ≥ 50% decrease in size of enhancing tumor on consecutive MRI scans at least 1 month apart, corticosteroids stable or reduced, and neurologically stable or improved. Progressive disease (PD): ≥ 25% increase in the size of enhancing tumor or any new tumor; or neurologically worse, and steroids stable or increased. Stable disease (SD): Does not qualify for CR, PR, or PD.
Correlation of Degree of Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) and Lactate (Lac) to Patient Response 2 weeks following initiation of protocol treatment (T1) Aim not included in final (February 10, 2009) protocol (removed from section 2)
Predictive Value of CBV and Lac/NAA in Assessing 6-month Progression-free Survival 2 weeks following initiation of protocol treatment (T1) Aim not included in final (February 10, 2009) protocol (removed from section 2)
Change in Perfusion MRI Markers at Week 2 as Predictors of 12mo Overall Survival (OS) Baseline and 2 Weeks To assess the potential role of perfusion MRI as a prognostic indicator for 12-month OS based on the change in MRI markers evaluated before treatment and 2 weeks following initiation of protocol treatment. Percent change in mean tumor relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI normalized to white matter (nRCBV) and standardized rCBV (sRCBV) between baseline and week 2 are the prognostic indicators.
Change in Perfusion MRI Markers at Week 8 as Predictors of 12mo Overall Survival (OS) Baseline and 8 weeks To assess the potential role of perfusion MRI as a prognostic indicator for 12-month OS based on the change in MRI markers evaluated before treatment and 8 weeks following initiation of protocol treatment. Percent change in mean tumor relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI normalized to white matter (nRCBV) and standardized rCBV (sRCBV) between baseline and week 8 are the prognostic indicators.
Count/Percentage of Patients Progression-free at 6 Months for Bevacizumab and Temozolomide Arm From randomization to six months. Progression defined as ≥ 25% increase in the size of enhancing tumor or any new tumor; or neurologically worse, and steroids stable or increased. Percentage is calculated by taking the number of patients who have survived 6 months without progression of study disease after study registration in the numerator. The denominator consists of all patients except those who were found retrospectively to be ineligible or who were lost to follow-up after less than 6 months.
Agreement Between Local Interpretation and Central Interpretation of Standard MRI baseline visit, week 2, after every 2 cycles of treatment, and at termination of treatment Local and central interpretations of the standard MRI were assessed for progression and survival at all available imaging (baseline visit, week 2, and after every 2 cycles of treatment, and at termination of treatment). Patients who suffer clinical progression without radiographic confirmation of progression were considered to have progressive disease in determination of PFS-6. Subjects participated in the MR substudies regardless of therapeutic intervention
Correlation of Degree of Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) and Lactate (Lac) to N-acetylaspartate (NAA) (Lac/NAA) Ratio 2 weeks following initiation of protocol treatment (T1) and at 8 weeks following chemotherapy with bevacizumab (T2) Aim not included in final (February 10, 2009) protocol (removed from section 2).
Change in Perfusion MRI Markers at Week 16 as Predictors of 12mo Overall Survival (OS) Baseline and 16 Weeks To assess the potential role of perfusion MRI as a prognostic indicator for 12-month OS based on the change in MRI markers evaluated before treatment and 16 weeks following initiation of protocol treatment. Percent change in mean tumor relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI normalized to white matter (nRCBV) and standardized rCBV (sRCBV) between baseline and week 16 are the prognostic indicators.
Trial Locations
- Locations (93)
Alta Bates Summit Medical Center-Herrick Campus
🇺🇸Berkeley, California, United States
Mercy Hospital
🇺🇸Coon Rapids, Minnesota, United States
Minnesota Oncology Hematology PA-Woodbury
🇺🇸Woodbury, Minnesota, United States
Mission Hospital-Memorial Campus
🇺🇸Asheville, North Carolina, United States
Akron General Medical Center
🇺🇸Akron, Ohio, United States
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
🇺🇸Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Atrium Medical Center-Middletown Regional Hospital
🇺🇸Franklin, Ohio, United States
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
University of Rochester
🇺🇸Rochester, New York, United States
University of Florida Health Science Center - Gainesville
🇺🇸Gainesville, Florida, United States
Mills-Peninsula Medical Center
🇺🇸Burlingame, California, United States
Franciscan Saint Francis Health-Beech Grove
🇺🇸Beech Grove, Indiana, United States
Marin General Hospital
🇺🇸Greenbrae, California, United States
Borgess Medical Center
🇺🇸Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Duarte, California, United States
John Muir Medical Center-Walnut Creek
🇺🇸Walnut Creek, California, United States
Mobile Infirmary Medical Center
🇺🇸Mobile, Alabama, United States
John Muir Medical Center-Concord Campus
🇺🇸Concord, California, United States
Bronson Methodist Hospital
🇺🇸Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
Arizona Oncology Services Foundation
🇺🇸Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
Reid Health
🇺🇸Richmond, Indiana, United States
John F Kennedy Medical Center
🇺🇸Edison, New Jersey, United States
Sutter Solano Medical Center/Cancer Center
🇺🇸Vallejo, California, United States
Boca Raton Regional Hospital
🇺🇸Boca Raton, Florida, United States
Saint Luke's Mountain States Tumor Institute
🇺🇸Boise, Idaho, United States
Minnesota Oncology Hematology PA-Maplewood
🇺🇸Maplewood, Minnesota, United States
Intermountain Medical Center
🇺🇸Murray, Utah, United States
William Beaumont Hospital-Royal Oak
🇺🇸Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
Dayton NCI Community Oncology Research Program
🇺🇸Dayton, Ohio, United States
Unity Hospital
🇺🇸Fridley, Minnesota, United States
Ridgeview Medical Center
🇺🇸Waconia, Minnesota, United States
Washington University School of Medicine
🇺🇸Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
🇺🇸Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
North Memorial Medical Health Center
🇺🇸Robbinsdale, Minnesota, United States
Park Nicollet Clinic - Saint Louis Park
🇺🇸Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, United States
Grandview Hospital
🇺🇸Dayton, Ohio, United States
Veteran Affairs Medical Center
🇺🇸Dayton, Ohio, United States
Blanchard Valley Hospital
🇺🇸Findlay, Ohio, United States
Providence Milwaukie Hospital
🇺🇸Milwaukie, Oregon, United States
EvergreenHealth Medical Center
🇺🇸Kirkland, Washington, United States
United Hospital
🇺🇸Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
Upper Valley Medical Center
🇺🇸Troy, Ohio, United States
Legacy Meridian Park Hospital
🇺🇸Tualatin, Oregon, United States
Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute
🇺🇸Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
Good Samaritan Hospital - Dayton
🇺🇸Dayton, Ohio, United States
Northern Rockies Radiation Oncology Center
🇺🇸Billings, Montana, United States
Cheshire Medical Center-Dartmouth-Hitchcock Keene
🇺🇸Keene, New Hampshire, United States
University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
IU Health Methodist Hospital
🇺🇸Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
M D Anderson Cancer Center
🇺🇸Houston, Texas, United States
Virginia Mason Medical Center
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States
University of Washington Medical Center
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States
Abbott-Northwestern Hospital
🇺🇸Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
California Pacific Medical Center-Pacific Campus
🇺🇸San Francisco, California, United States
Henry Ford Hospital
🇺🇸Detroit, Michigan, United States
Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center
🇺🇸Portland, Oregon, United States
Providence Portland Medical Center
🇺🇸Portland, Oregon, United States
Adventist Medical Center
🇺🇸Portland, Oregon, United States
Legacy Emanuel Hospital and Health Center
🇺🇸Portland, Oregon, United States
Providence Saint Vincent Medical Center
🇺🇸Portland, Oregon, United States
LDS Hospital
🇺🇸Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Cottonwood Hospital Medical Center
🇺🇸Murray, Utah, United States
Sandra L Maxwell Cancer Center
🇺🇸Cedar City, Utah, United States
Intermountain Health Care
🇺🇸Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Utah Cancer Specialists-Salt Lake City
🇺🇸Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Sutter Cancer Research Consortium
🇺🇸Novato, California, United States
Saint Vincent Anderson Regional Hospital/Cancer Center
🇺🇸Anderson, Indiana, United States
West Michigan Cancer Center
🇺🇸Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
Fairview-Southdale Hospital
🇺🇸Edina, Minnesota, United States
New Mexico Oncology Hematology Consultants
🇺🇸Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
Miami Valley Hospital
🇺🇸Dayton, Ohio, United States
Legacy Mount Hood Medical Center
🇺🇸Gresham, Oregon, United States
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
🇺🇸Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Utah Valley Regional Medical Center
🇺🇸Provo, Utah, United States
University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics
🇺🇸Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Norris Cotton Cancer Center-North
🇺🇸Saint Johnsbury, Vermont, United States
Highland Hospital
🇺🇸Rochester, New York, United States
Greene Memorial Hospital
🇺🇸Xenia, Ohio, United States
Samaritan North Health Center
🇺🇸Dayton, Ohio, United States
Fairbanks Memorial Hospital
🇺🇸Fairbanks, Alaska, United States
Kettering Medical Center
🇺🇸Kettering, Ohio, United States
Dixie Medical Center Regional Cancer Center
🇺🇸Saint George, Utah, United States
PeaceHealth Southwest Medical Center
🇺🇸Vancouver, Washington, United States
Saint Francis Hospital
🇺🇸Federal Way, Washington, United States
American Fork Hospital / Huntsman Intermountain Cancer Center
🇺🇸American Fork, Utah, United States
McKay-Dee Hospital Center
🇺🇸Ogden, Utah, United States
University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin
🇺🇸Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Yale University
🇺🇸New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Fairview Ridges Hospital
🇺🇸Burnsville, Minnesota, United States
Anne Arundel Medical Center
🇺🇸Annapolis, Maryland, United States
University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
🇺🇸Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Rhode Island Hospital
🇺🇸Providence, Rhode Island, United States