Buccal Mucosal Graft for Onlay Ureteroplasty in the Management of Proximal Ureteral Stricture

In cases of long segment upper ureteral stricture, more advanced surgical techniques, such as renal mobilization and downward nephropexy, ileal ureter replacement, transureteroureterostomy, and autotransplantation of the kidney, are necessary to provide a tension-free anastomosis.

Autotransplantation of the kidney needs more efforts, more experts and may lead to significant renovascular complications.

Also, there is severe metabolic and intestinal complications are associated with using of long intestinal segment in the management of ureteral stricture [9].

These previous side effects and difficulties make the management of long upper and middle ureteral strictures more complicated and indicate other lines of management urgently.

Even the ureteral stricture still not patent enough to drain urine but still, we can use it as a ureteral plate with little affection of its vascularity. Based on this theory an onlay repair technique was emerged.