Clinical Effectiveness of Boxing Training in Individuals With Elevated Blood Pressure or Stage 1 Hypertension
- Conditions
- Elevated Blood PressureHypertension
- Interventions
- Other: Control flexibilityOther: Boxing Training
- Registration Number
- NCT06413251
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Texas, El Paso
- Brief Summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether boxing training reduces cardiovascular risk in elevated blood pressure or hypertension stage 1 individuals.
The main questions it aims to answer are (1) if boxing training reduces peripheral and central blood pressure and (2) if boxing training improves cardiovascular function in elevated blood pressure or hypertension stage 1 individuals.
Participants with elevated blood pressure or hypertension stage 1 will be randomly divided into a control group or an intervention group. The latter group will be involved in boxing training, 3 days per week for 6 weeks.
Researchers will compare clinical and cardiovascular outcomes between the control and the intervention group.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 24
- ≥18 years old.
- Systolic blood pressure between 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure between 80-89 mmHg obtained from 2 different days.
- an estimated 10-year risk of CVD ≤10%, calculated by the ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations.
- no current participation in 3 or more days per week of endurance or resistance exercise training.
- non-controlled cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic diseases.
- smoking, consumption of nutritional supplements containing antioxidants.
- any physical impairment to exercise.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Control Control flexibility The control group will perform three days per week 10 minutes a flexibility intervention. Boxing Boxing Training The boxing training intervention will consist of three exercise sessions per week on nonconsecutive days for six weeks
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change from baseline brachial blood pressure after week six pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Central Blood Pressure pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Pulse wave analysis (mmHg)
Vascular function pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Flow mediated dilation (%)
Plethysmography pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Forearm and Calf Blood Flow (ml/min/100 ml tissue)
Maximum Oxygen Uptake pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Cardiopulmonary Test (ml/kg/min)
Nitric Oxide Bioavailability pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Blood Biomarker NOx (μmol/L)
Body Fat Percentage pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Scan to assess Body Fat %
Lean Mass pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Scan to assess lean mass (kg)
Quality of Life measured by the short-form 36 (SF-36) pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention The short form 36 (SF-36) is a short survey that covers a total of 8 sub-dimensions related to physical and mental health: (1) Physical Functioning, (2) Role Limitations due to Physical Problems, (3) Social Functioning, (4) Bodily Pain, (5) General Mental Health, (6) Role Limitations due to Mental Problems, (7) Vitality, and (8) General Health Perceptions. The SF-36 includes a diverse mixture of continuous item scaling methods and is comprised of 10 items with balanced multi-item response formats (range from 1 to 5), 7 items with a dichotomous response format (1 or 2), and 19 items with non-balanced multi-item response formats (nine items range from 1 to 3 and ten items range from 1 to 6). To obtain the raw score for each sub-dimension, 10 items are reversed. Then, raw values for each sub-dimension are summed. Finally, the raw scores are transformed to a 0-to-100 scale for each sub-dimension. Higher scores indicate higher Quality of Life from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
Arterial Stiffness pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Pulse wave velocity from carotid to femoral artery (m/s)
C Reactive Protein (CRP) to assess inflammation pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Blood Biomarker CRP (mg/L)
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to assess inflammation pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Blood Biomarker IL-6 (pg/ml)
Tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα) to assess inflammation pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Blood Biomarker TNFα (pg/ml)
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) to assess oxidative stress pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Blood Biomarker SOD (mU/ml)
8-isoprostane to assess inflammation pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Blood Biomarker 8-isoprostane (pg/ml)
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) to assess oxidative stress pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Blood Biomarker TAC (mM/ml)
Lipid Profile pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Blood Biomarkers HDL-C, LDL-C, and total cholesterol (mg/dl)
Weight pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Weight in kilograms
Height pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention Height in meters
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
The University of Texas at El Paso
🇺🇸El Paso, Texas, United States