Complementary Therapies in Spinal Fusion Patients

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Idiopathic Scoliosis
• Interventions: Other: Hypnosis Therapy; Other: Healing Touch Therapy

• Registration Number: NCT02409615
• Lead Sponsor: Nemours Children's Clinic

Brief Summary

In this pilot study, our central hypothesis is that two CAM modalities, hypnosis and healing touch as adjunct therapies to the standard of care, will improve analgesic use for post operative pain. In this pilot study the investigators will randomize 30 adolescents undergoing spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis to two test groups: Hypnosis with Pain Management Standard of Care for Post Op Pain, Healing Touch with Pain Management Standard of Care, and a control group (Pain Management Standard of Care only).

Detailed Description

Female adolescents with the diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis requiring surgery will be approached by a member of the research team at the pre-surgical evaluation visit to participate in the study. Randomization will be done at the time of the pre-surgical visit. Microsoft Excel will be used to generate a random group assignment table to one of the following groups:

CONTROL GROUP: Standard Pain Management for Idiopathic Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgery

HYPNOSIS GROUP: Standard Pain Management for Idiopathic Posterior Spinal Fusion and Hypnosis intervention consisting of induction to achieve a state of focused attention with heightened receptivity for acceptable suggestions targeting relaxation, comfort and healing.

HEALING TOUCH GROUP: Standard Pain Management for Idiopathic Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgery and Healing Touch intervention (Chakra Connection, Magnetic Clearing)

Protocol:

1. Potential patients identified by Orthopedic surgery schedule and review of electronic medical record (EMR) for eligibility.

2. Randomization of participants into group, CPASS anxiety scale and cortisol level obtained for all participants at preoperative visit.

3. Day of surgery: Hypnosis intervention or Healing Touch intervention prior to surgical procedure by research staff

4. Intra-operative procedure: Hypnosis participant will have taped Hypnosis script during surgical procedure; Healing Touch participant will receive one minute of intentional healing at designated time each hour by Healing Touch Practitioner. Cortisol level will be obtained on all participants.

5. PACU procedure: Healing Touch intervention or Hypnosis intervention by research staff.

6. POD #1 until discharge: daily Healing Touch or Hypnosis intervention by research staff

7. POD # 2: CPASS anxiety scale and cortisol level obtained on all participants

8. Post-op analgesic regimen: Morphine PCA \> 50 kg (demand 1 mg, 10 minute lockout, basal rate 0.5 mg/hr) and Morphine PCA \< 40-49 kg (demand 0.8 mg, 10 minute lockout, basal rate 0.4 mg/hr), benzodiazepine, gabapentin, ketorolac and clonidine per standard protocol for all participants.

9. Pain scores (self-report), vital signs, opioid consumption, side effects, day of ambulation, transition to oral analgesics will be collected from EMR until day of discharge.

10. 4-week Postoperative visit: CPASS anxiety scale, cortisol level and pill count obtained on all participants.

Methods:

Statistical Analysis: Descriptive Statistics: Standard Descriptive Statistics will be used to describe the outcomes, demographic and independent variables of interest pre- and post-intervention, overall and by intervention group. Changes in outcomes will also be calculated and descried. For continuous variables means, medians and ranges will be produced, while frequencies and percentages will be produced for categorical variables. Means, standard deviations, medians and ranges will be computed for measured continuous variables; marginal distributions will be used for categorical factors. Graphical methods including histograms, scatterplots, and boxplots, will be used in order to understand aspects of data quantity and examine assumptions (such as normality) underlying statistical models.

The primary outcome is decrease in opioid consumption as well as reported pain and anxiety scores. We will compare difference in pain pre- to post- between the two intervention and control groups, using ANOVA. Since data will be collected at multiple points pre- and post-intervention, and some randomly missing data expected, the primary analysis will employ generalized estimating equations (GEEs). The GEEs models will be adjusted for baseline characteristics, such as age, gender, race and any important clinical characteristics. GEEs will also be used to compare the changes in reported pain and analgesic use between the three groups.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2014-08
• Study First Submitted: 2015-04-01
• Study First Submitted QC: 2015-04-06
• Study First Posted: 2015-04-07
• Primary Completion: 2017-03-27
• Study Completion: 2017-03-27
• Results First Submitted: 2019-11-15
• Status Verified: 2024-08
• Results First Submitted QC: 2024-08-23
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-08-23
• Results First Posted: 2024-08-27
• Last Update Posted: 2024-08-27

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 30

Inclusion Criteria

1. Females, ages 12 - 17
2. Diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis

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Exclusion Criteria

1. Patients with chronic or severe disease conditions requiring spinal fusion surgery.
2. Children with profound mental disabilities or developmental delay not allowing them to voluntarily assent to participate.

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Hypnosis Group	Hypnosis Therapy	Hypnosis Group: ten participants will receive Hypnosis therapy in addition to the standard postoperative pain management protocol
Healing Touch Group	Healing Touch Therapy	Healing Touch Group: ten participants will receive Healing Touch therapy in addition to the standard postoperative pain management protocol

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Postoperative Pain (Total Opioid Use)	up to postoperative day 4	Total Opioid use will be measured in mg/kg/hour daily until discharge, and at postoperative follow-up visit. Postoperative time in PACU starts on admission to PACU until discharged to general nursing care floors. Postoperative Day #0 (POD #0) start on the day of surgery from the time the patient is discharged from the PACU to 7:00 AM the following morning. POD #1 is from 07:00 the day after surgery to the following morning (24 hour period) at 07:00. POD #2, POD #3 are the following 24 hour periods until time of discharge. The first outpatient postoperative appointment was four weeks after surgery.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Pain Score	up to postoperative day 4	Average pain score utilizing Visual Analog Scale which is a self report pain scale from 0 - 10 with a score of "0" indicating no report of pain and a score of "10" indicating the worst pain imaginable.
Cortisol Level	up to 4-week postoperatively	Cortisol levels obtained at 4 points - pre-operative surgical evaluation visit, intra-operative, POD #2, 4-week postoperative follow-up clinic visit. Cortisol is a hormone released by the adrenal glands. Cortisol mainly helps regulate the body's response to stress. For most tests, the normal ranges are: 6 a.m. to 8 a.m.: 10 to 20 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL). Around 4 p.m.: 3 to 10 mcg/dL. Normal ranges can vary from lab to lab, time to time and person to person.
Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS)	up to 4 weeks postoperatively	Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS) is a validated 20-item self-report tool measuring pain anxiety in adolescents undergoing major surgical procedures and obtained on all participants at 3 points - pre-surgical evaluation, POD #2 and 4-week postoperative follow-up visit. Total score is ranged from 0-100. CPASS scores ranging from 0 to 34 indicated mild pain anxiety; 35 to 67 indicated moderate pain anxiety; 68 to 100 indicated severe pain anxiety.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Nemours / A I duPont Hospital for Children; 🇺🇸 Wilmington, Delaware, United States