Ceftriaxone Versus Chloramphenicol for Treatment of Severe Pneumonia in Children Aged Less Than Five Years at Mulago Hospital: A Randomized Controlled Trial

A recent report from the World health Organization showed pneumonia was the leading cause of death in children less than 5 years. WHO recommends intravenous Chloramphenicol 25mg/kg six hourly as the first line drug for the treatment of severe pneumonia in these children. Ceftriaxone 75mg/kg daily is the second line drug.

The efficacy of chloramphenicol for the treatment of severe pneumonia ranges from 80%-84%, while that of ceftriaxone ranges from 85% to 97%. However the high cost of ceftriaxone is too prohibitive to allow for its routine use in resource constrained countries. A study comparing penicillin G plus chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone in the treatment of severe pneumonia in Turkey found that both drugs were equally effective in normalization of the outcome parameters. A recent Cochrane review found no randomized controlled trials comparing both drugs in the treatment of severe forms of pneumonia.

The objective of this study it to compare the efficacy of Ceftriaxone versus Chloramphenicol in the treatment of severe pneumonia in the children under five years of age admitted to Mulago hospital.

This will be a double- blinded randomized controlled trial. Three hundred forty eight children with severe pneumonia will be randomized to receive either intravenous ceftriaxone 75mg/kg/day for seven days or intravenous chloramphenicol 100mg/kg/day for seven days. The primary outcome will mortality and secondary outcomes will be time taken to normalization of respiratory rate, temperature and oxygen saturation.