High-intensity Interval Exercise and Chocolate Milk on Blood Glucose and Cognition

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Glycemic Response; Cognitive Function
• Interventions: Other: Exercise and Water; Other: Sitting and Water; Other: Exercise and Chocolate Milk; Other: Sitting and Chocolate Milk

• Registration Number: NCT03305107
• Lead Sponsor: Toronto Metropolitan University

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine the separate and combined effects of high-intensity interval exercise and chocolate milk on glycemic response, cognitive function, subjective appetite, and salivary cortisol among children aged 9-13 year old children.

Detailed Description

Twenty children 9-13 years of age will be recruited for this study. On four separate mornings, after a 10 hour overnight fast, each child will consume a standardized breakfast (including orange juice, a strawberry breakfast bar and a pear fruit cup) at home. Using a 2x2 factorial design, 2 hours after breakfast consumption, each participant will arrive in the lab (T=-20 min) and participate in high-intensity interval exercise or sit quietly for 20 min, followed by a treatment drink of chocolate milk or water (control) consumption in 10 min. During high-intensity interval exercise treatment, children will exercise on a cycle ergometer with a 3-min warm-up, 7 repeated bouts of 60-sec exercise at 90% of peak power output and 60-second recovery, and a 3-min cool down. Blood glucose will be measured via finger-prick at baseline (-20 min), 10, 30, 60, and 90 min. Cognitive functions will be measured using a battery of cognitive tests which assess verbal declarative memory, working memory, and executive functioning, and will be measured at baseline, 10. 30. 60, and 90 min. Subjective appetite and emotions will be measured using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline, 10, 30, 60, and 90 min. Salivary cortisol will be assessed from saliva samples collected using the passive drool method, and will be collected at baseline, 10 and 30 min.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2017-07-08
• Study First Submitted: 2017-09-29
• Study First Submitted QC: 2017-10-06
• Study First Posted: 2017-10-09
• Primary Completion: 2017-12-31
• Study Completion: 2018-05-31
• Status Verified: 2018-08
• Last Update Submitted: 2018-08-09
• Last Update Posted: 2018-08-10

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 20

Inclusion Criteria

• be between 9 and 13 years of age
• be healthy, and have been born at term
• not be taking any medications
• not have allergies to dairy or gluten.

Exclusion Criteria

• Food sensitivities, allergies, or dietary restrictions
• Health, learning, emotional, or behavioural problems
• Receiving any medications
• Non-habitual breakfast eater (<5 days/week)

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Exercise and Water	Exercise and Water	Children will exercise on a cycle ergometer with a 3-min warm-up, 7 repeated bouts of 60-sec exercise at 90% of peak power output and 60-second recovery, and a 3-min cool down. Children will then drink 240mL of water
Sitting and Water	Sitting and Water	Children will quietly sit for 20 minutes Children will then drink 240mL of water
Exercise and Chocolate Milk	Exercise and Chocolate Milk	Children will exercise on a cycle ergometer with a 3-min warm-up, 7 repeated bouts of 60-sec exercise at 90% of peak power output and 60-second recovery, and a 3-min cool down. Children will then drink 240mL of chocolate milk
Sitting and Chocolate Milk	Sitting and Chocolate Milk	Children will quietly sit for 20 minutes Children will then drink 240mL of chocolate milk

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change from baseline Glycemic Response	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	Blood samples will be collected via finger-prick method to assess glycemic response (blood glucose, mmol/L)
Change from baseline working memory	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	The n-back test consists of 2 levels, 1-back and 2-back, where letters are presented on the screen one at a time. During the 1-back level, participants need to determine if the presented letter is the same as the one letter presented 1 before it or not (by selected 'match' or 'no match' on the side of the screen) and during 2-back need to do determine if it is the same letter as the one presented 2 letters prior.
Change from baseline verbal declarative memory	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	Cognitive function test of verbal declarative memory
Change from baseline executive functioning	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	The Stroop test consists of one word appearing on the screen written in either blue, red, yellow or green. There are 24 congruent trials where the presented word is the name of the colour it is written it (i.e. 'red' appearing in the colour red), 24 incongruent trials where the word written is a colour word different from the one it is written in (i.e. 'red' appearing in the colour green), and 10 neutral trials where non-colour words appear (i.e. 'tape' appearing in yellow). The participant is asked to tap the corresponding colour that the word is written in as quickly as possible.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change from baseline aggression	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess aggression
Change from baseline sleepiness	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess sleepiness
Change from baseline salivary cortisol response	baseline (-20 min), and 10 and 30 min post-drink consumption	Saliva samples will be collected via passive drool method to assess salivary cortisol response (ug/dL)
Change form baseline Subjective Appetite	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess appetite
Change from baseline excitement	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess excitement
Change from baseline upset	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess upset
Change from baseline tension	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess tension
Change from baseline exhaustion	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess exhaustion
Change from baseline anger	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess anger
Change from baseline disappointment	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess disappointment
Change from baseline happiness	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess happiness
Change form baseline frustration	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess frustration
Change from baseline alertness	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess alertness
Change from baseline sadness	baseline (-20 min), and 10, 30, 60, and 90 min post-drink consumption	100-mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) will be used to assess sadness

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

School of Nutrition, Ryerson University; 🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada