Validation of Thermometric Cardiac Imaging by MRI

Radiofrequency ablation is the primary treatment for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias resistant to medication. However, the absence of assessment of injury creation during radiofrequency application is an important issue in that it can result either in recurrences of arrhythmia requiring redo procedures when an inadequate lesion is created, or on the opposite in serious complications when the lesion created is too large and extents to extra-cardiac territory that should be preserved. The imaging team of the IHU-Liryc develops new methods in cardiac MRI in view of diagnostics (improve spatial and temporal resolution, dynamic 3D imaging or contrast improvement) and therapeutics. Hence, one of the objectives of the IHU-Liryc is to improve ablation procedures by radiofrequency of cardiac arrhythmias in order to make them more effective (Real-time visualization of the thermal lesion, allowing application of the sufficient energy needed for a transmural lesion), and safer avoiding excessive lesion responsible for perforation and extension to extra-cardiac structures. This is based on thermometric imaging by MRI which allows a real time visualization of tissue temperature in all the myocardium with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to characterize the induced thermal lesion. MRI thermometry was developed during the last decade and successfully applied clinically over a wide range of organs (the uterus, the brain, the liver, the kidneys) for direct monitoring of thermal treatment of various pathologies (fibroids Uterus, bone metastasis, liver cancer). This innovative technic was not applicable to cardiac arrhythmias due to the respiratory and cardiac movements whose rhythms can be irregular, as well as thermal noise generated by blood flow on images. Today, our team has developed and preclinically validated a new rapid MRI method dedicated to cardiac thermometry. All patients who give their oral agreement to participate to the study will have added to their examination some acquisition sequences. The maximum additional time due to the specific acquisitions of the study will be 5 minutes, over an average clinical examination time of 45 minutes. No follow-up or visit of end of treatment will be performed, the end of patient participation in this research corresponding to the end of the MRI examination.