Investigation of Imagery Abilities in Individuals With Migraine and the Relationship Between Imagery Abilities and Proprioception, and Balance
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 入组人数
- 126
- 主要终点
- Headache Assessment: Numerical Pain Scale
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of this study is to compare the motor imagery abilities of patients with migraine to those of healthy individuals, and to examine the relationship between motor imagery and proprioception (cervical and trunk), balance, body awareness, anxiety, and depression levels. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the relationship between proprioception and balance in patients with migraine. Motor imagery abilities of patients with migraine and healthy control subjects (aged 18-65 years; planned sample size: 68 individuals in each group, 68 migraine patients and 68 healthy participants) will be assessed using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3, the Motor Imagery Ability Test, mental chronometry, mental rotation tasks, and functional MRI (fMRI) during motor imagery of different tasks. Additionally, in patients with migraine, cervical and trunk proprioception, balance, body awareness, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Vertigo Symptom Scale, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale will be evaluated.
- Hypothesis H0: There is no difference in motor imagery abilities between patients with migraine and healthy controls.
H1: There is a difference in motor imagery abilities between patients with migraine and healthy controls. 2. Hypothesis H0: There is no relationship between motor imagery abilities and proprioception in patients with migraine. H1: There is a relationship between motor imagery abilities and proprioception in patients with migraine. 3. Hypothesis H0: There is no relationship between proprioception (cervical/trunk) and balance in patients with migraine.
H1: There is a relationship between proprioception (cervical/trunk) and balance in patients with migraine. 4. Hypothesis H0: There is no relationship between motor imagery abilities and body awareness, anxiety, and depression in patients with migraine.
H1: There is a relationship between motor imagery abilities and body awareness, anxiety, and depression in patients with migraine.
详细描述
Motor imagery is defined as the mental simulation of a movement without its physical execution. During motor imagery, brain regions activated during actual motor performance are similarly engaged. Motor imagery can be divided into visual (external or internal perspective) and kinesthetic (internal sensation of movement) components, and it activates several cerebral regions, including the premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, primary motor cortex, parietal lobe, cerebellum, and basal ganglia.
Migraine is a complex neurological disorder that can lead to impairments in emotional, cognitive, and sensory functions. Migraine symptoms are not limited to pain and are associated with alterations in thalamic activity, as well as connections involving trigeminal-cortical or intracortical networks and interactions between the thalamus and the limbic system. Despite being relatively young and not exhibiting significant motor control deficits, recent evidence suggests that patients with migraine may present with balance impairments. These individuals may experience impaired postural stability during quiet standing under altered surface and visual input conditions, and their limits of stability tend to decrease during dynamic tasks such as walking, obstacle negotiation, and sit-to-stand transitions.
Motor imagery-based exercises have been shown to be effective in reducing pain, improving motor control, and regulating psychological status in pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, and neck pain. These effects highlight the potential role of motor imagery in pain perception, body awareness, and cognitive-emotional regulation. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that motor imagery training has positive effects on balance and mobility in older adults, walking performance, fatigue, and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis, and trunk muscle control and proprioception in individuals with stroke.
There is a lack of comprehensive research on motor imagery in patients with migraine in the current literature. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the motor imagery abilities of patients with migraine to those of healthy individuals and to investigate the relationships between motor imagery and proprioception (cervical and trunk), balance, body awareness, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, the study aims to examine the relationship between proprioception and balance in patients with migraine.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Migraine Patients:
- •Diagnosed with migraine by a neurologist according to ICHD-3 criteria
- •Aged 18-65 years
- •Score greater than 21 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
- •Healthy Participants:
- •Aged 18-65 years
- •Score greater than 21 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
排除标准
- •(for both migraine and healthy control groups):
- •Presence of additional neurological or orthopedic disorders
- •Current use of psychiatric medications
- •Severe musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, or other medical conditions that would prevent participation in the study
- •Significant visual or hearing impairments
- •Severe cognitive impairment, as determined by a physician, that would interfere with the administration of tests.
研究组 & 干预措施
migraine patients
Healthy Participants
结局指标
主要结局
Headache Assessment: Numerical Pain Scale
时间窗: From August 2026 to January 2027
The numeric pain scale is used to assess the severity of a headache.The pain a person feels is evaluated on a scale from "0: no pain at all" to "10: I feel very severe pain."
Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3
时间窗: From August 2026 to January 2027
The Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 is the most up-to-date version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire and the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised, Second Edition.The questionnaire consists of 12 items and separately evaluates external, internal, and kinesthetic imagery abilities. After each imagery task, individuals rate their experience on a scale from 1 to 7 (1 - very difficult to feel/see, 7 - very easy to feel/see).
Motor Imagery Ability Test
时间窗: From August 2026 to January 2027
The ability to imagine movement is used to test the controllability component of imagery (CC). It is defined as the ability to manipulate, transform, or maintain an imagined body movement over time
Mental Chronometry
时间窗: From August 2026 to January 2027
The administration of questionnaires is quite easy and quick. However, the subjectivity arising from individuals rating themselves in these questionnaires should not be overlooked. Mental chronometry can be defined as the time required by the neural system to process information. It is based on a different foundation than the questionnaires mentioned above. Mental chronometry is a parameter that measures the duration of motor imagery and is based on the assumption that the time required to perform a movement is the same as the time needed to imagine it. Compared to questionnaires, mental chronometry is a more objective measure; however, it does not evaluate the clarity or vividness of imagery. Mental chronometry measurements are planned to be carried out using the method described by Oostra et al.
Mental Rotation Ability
时间窗: From August 2026 to January 2027
Mental Rotation is one of the visuospatial abilities and can be simply defined as the mental rotation of objects in three dimensions. To evaluate mental rotation ability, three-dimensional objects such as cubes or body parts like the hands and feet can be used. Mental rotation ability is frequently assessed using hand images. The basic principle of hand mental rotation tests is to determine whether a hand image, presented from different angles and orientations, belongs to the right or left hand. In our study, since we focus on the neck region and balance ability, the Recognise Neck and Foot applications, which include images of the neck and feet, will be used.
Assessment of motor imagery of different tasks using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
时间窗: From August 2026 to January 2027
The task is to perform visual motor imagery and kinesthetic motor imagery in accordance with the instructions, taking into account the tasks included in the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3.The stimuli will be presented via projection onto a mirror mounted on the head coil of the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. All participants will first be instructed to perform visual motor imagery (first-person internal egocentric imagery) and then kinesthetic motor imagery. The procedure is planned to be carried out using the method applied by Kwon et al.
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment
时间窗: From August 2026 to January 2027
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment is a neuropsychological test used to evaluate cognitive domains such as memory, attention, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, language, abstraction, and orientation. The scale includes items assessing attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuospatial skills, abstract thinking, calculation, and orientation. The total score ranges from 0 to 30. In the standardization study conducted in our country, the cutoff score for distinguishing healthy individuals from those with mild cognitive impairment was determined as 21.
The Migraine Disability Assessment
时间窗: From August 2026 to January 2027
The Migraine Disability Assessment scale measures headache-related disability and includes five functional questions related to work, school, and household activities. The MIDAS score is calculated by counting the number of days in which the patient's performance is reduced or absent.
次要结局
- Cervical Proprioception Assessment(from August 2026 to January 2027)
- Trunk Proprioception Assessment(from August 2026 to January 2027)
- Neck Awareness Assement(from August 2026 to January 2027)
- Balance Assessment(from August 2026 to January 2027)
研究者
Makbule Ozel
Specialist Physical Therapist, Principal Investigator
Hacettepe University