Injury Risk Factors in Volleyball Players

Not yet recruiting

• Conditions: Injury;Sports; Athletic Injuries

• Registration Number: NCT06996990
• Lead Sponsor: Izmir Democracy University

Brief Summary

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between injury risk and pain, fatigue, muscle strength, balance and quality of life in volleyball players. In this context, it will be investigated how the pain and fatigue levels experienced by volleyball players interact with muscle strength and balance and how these factors increase the risk of injury.

Detailed Description

Musculoskeletal injuries are highly prevalent among volleyball players and this may be due to the interaction of various physical and subjective factors. Although some risk factors such as muscle strength and balance have been previously investigated, there is limited data on how these parameters together relate to injury risk and athlete health. In this cross-sectional study, standardized tests and self-report questionnaires will be administered to a sample of competitive volleyball players.

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2025-05
• Study First Submitted: 2025-05-16
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-05-21
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-05-21
• Study First Posted: 2025-05-30
• Last Update Posted: 2025-05-30
• Study Start: 2025-06-15
• Primary Completion: 2027-06-30
• Study Completion: 2027-06-30

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 28

Inclusion Criteria

• Be over 18 years old and volunteer
• Have not had any upper or lower extremity injuries in the last 3 months
• Have not had any upper or lower extremity surgery in the last 6 months
• Play volleyball professionally

Exclusion Criteria

• Having had a lower or upper extremity injury in the last 3 months
• Having had upper or lower extremity surgery in the last 6 months
• Being pregnant

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Injury risc assessment	through study completion, an average of 1 year	The Functional Movement Screening Test will be used to assess injury risc in athletes. Seven exercises are used in this test. Each movement is scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with a maximum total score of 21. As the score from this test increases, the risk of injury decreases.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Peak flow rate (PEF)	through study completion, an average of 1 year	Peak flow rate (PEF) will be evaluated with a spirometer.
Balance evaluation	through study completion, an average of 1 year	Balance will be assessed using the Y-Balance Test, and the average distance reached will be recorded.
Pain intensity evaluation	through study completion, an average of 1 year	Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale, where participants rate their pain intensity from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain).
Fatigue assessment	through study completion, an average of 1 year	The Perceived Physical and Cognitive Fatigue Scale will be used to assess athletes' physical and cognitive fatigue. The scale has 19 items, scored ranging from 19 to 95. Higher scores indicate increased perceived fatigue levels.
Forced vital capacity (FVC)	through study completion, an average of 1 year	Forced vital capacity (FVC) will be evaluated with a spirometer.
Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)	through study completion, an average of 1 year	Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) will be evaluated with a spirometer.
FEV1/FVC	through study completion, an average of 1 year	FEV1/FVC will be evaluated with a spirometer.
Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%)	through study completion, an average of 1 year	Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%)) will be evaluated with a spirometer.
Muscle Strength Measurement	through study completion, an average of 1 year	The lower extremity muscle strength of athletes will be assessed using isokinetic test. Each maximal voluntary contraction will involve the athlete contracting as hard and as fast as possible from full extension to full flexion.Higher values indicate better muscle strength.
Hand Grip Strength measurement	through study completion, an average of 1 year	Hand grip strength will be assessed using a hand dynamometer. Participants will perform three trials on each hand . The maximum grip strength value for each hand will be analysed.
Respiratory Muscle Strength measurement	through study completion, an average of 1 year	Respiratory muscle strength will be evaluated using a spirometer. Athletes will perform maximal inspiration (Müller maneuver) and expiration (Valsalva maneuver) to obtain measurements. The highest value will be used for analysis.
Cough force measurement	through study completion, an average of 1 year	Cough force will be assessed using a peak flow meter. The highest value of three attempts will be recorded. The high value obtained indicates good cough strength.
Quality of Life (SF-36 or WHOQOL-BREF)	through study completion, an average of 1 year	The Short Form-36 (SF-36) will be used to assess quality of life. total score is scored from 0 (poorest health) to 100 (best health), with higher scores indicating better health status.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Izmir Democracy University; 🇹🇷 Izmir, Turkey