Effects of Adapted Taekwondo Versus Conventional Training on Anthropometric Variables and Physical Function in Older Women With Abdominal Obesity: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 尚未招募
- 入组人数
- 70
- 主要终点
- Body mass
研究概览
简要总结
Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of TKD on anthropometric and physical function parameters in older women with abdominal obesity, compared with conventional exercise interventions such as MCT, and WE. We hypothesized that TKD would produce greater improvements in abdominal fat and physical function than MCT and WE in older women with abdominal obesity.
详细描述
This study was designed as a randomized, repeated-measures, double-blind controlled trial with a quantitative approach and three parallel intervention arms: taekwondo training (TKD), multicomponent training (MCT), and walking exercise (WE). The intervention period lasted 16 weeks, comprising 48 sessions delivered three times per week on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, with each session lasting 60 min. The outcomes assessed included anthropometric indicators, such as BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass, as well as physical function, maximal isometric handgrip strength, and postural balance. All evaluations were conducted in the morning, between 10:00 and 12:00, at the same facilities, including the sports center and community headquarters. Environmental conditions, such as temperature, were controlled, and the same evaluators performed the baseline and post-intervention assessments. No musculoskeletal or cardiorespiratory injuries were reported during the intervention period, and participants did not report pain either before the assessments or during the training sessions.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
research and evaluator
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 60 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •(i) women aged 60-65 years
- •(ii) waist circumference >88 cm
- •(iii) ability to understand and follow contextualized instructions based on simple commands
- •(iv) functional independence, defined as a score of ≥43 points on the Preventive Medicine Examination for Older Adults of the Chilean Ministry of Health.
- •(v) capacity to comply with at least 85% of the scheduled intervention sessions.
排除标准
- •(i) presence of disability
- •(ii) participation in physical rehabilitation or presence of musculoskeletal injuries limiting usual physical activity
- •(iii) permanent or temporary contraindication to participation in physical exercise.
结局指标
主要结局
Body mass
时间窗: 16 weeks
Body mass was assessed using a digital scale (Seca 769, Germany; precision 0.1 kg), while standing height was measured with a stadiometer (Seca 220, Germany; precision 0.1 cm).
Body mass index (BMI)
时间窗: 16 weeks
was calculated as body mass in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Abdominal obesity
时间窗: 16 weeks
Abdominal obesity was classified according to waist circumference, using a cut-off point of ≥88 cm for women.
Senior Fitness Test battery
时间窗: 16 weeks
Lower-limb muscle strength was determined through the 30-s chair stand test, recording the total number of repetitions completed within 30 s. Upper-limb muscle strength was assessed with the arm curl test, in which participants performed as many repetitions as possible in 30 s using a 3-pound dumbbell. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the 2-min step test, which records the number of knee raises performed to the required height, corresponding approximately to 70° of hip flexion. Lower-body flexibility was assessed with the chair sit-and-reach test and expressed in centimeters. Upper-body flexibility was evaluated using the back scratch test, also reported in centimeters. Agility and dynamic balance were assessed using the timed up-and-go test, in which participants walked around a cone placed 8 feet (2.44 m) away, with performance recorded in seconds.
Maximal Isometric Handgrip Strength
时间窗: 16 weeks
Maximal isometric handgrip strength was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer (Camry, model EH101, Zhongshan, China), following previously described procedures. Participants were seated with the shoulder slightly abducted, the elbow flexed, the forearm in a neutral position, and the wrist maintained in neutral alignment. The dynamometer was adjusted according to each participant's hand size to ensure a comfortable and functional grip, allowing adequate flexion of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints and appropriate contact between the thumb and index finger. Each participant performed three trials with each hand, separated by 120 s of rest, and the highest value obtained across the attempts was used for analysis.
Postural Balance
时间窗: 16 weeks
Postural balance was assessed by measuring center-of-pressure displacement using a force platform (ArtOficio Ltd., Valparaíso, Chile), according to previously reported recommendations. Data were collected at a sampling frequency of 40 Hz. Balance was evaluated under two visual conditions: eyes open and eyes closed, with each trial lasting 30 s. Participants were instructed to stand barefoot in a bipedal position, with their feet approximately shoulder-width apart, arms relaxed alongside the body, and to remain as still as possible throughout the assessment. Center-of-pressure area and velocity were calculated using Matlab R2012a software (MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA).
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Pablo Valdés-Badilla
PHD
Universidad Católica del Maule