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Ventilator-associated Injury (VAI) in Chronic Home Mechanical Ventilation

Completed
Conditions
Long-term Non-invasive Ventilation
Respiratory Failure
Interventions
Other: No other than standard care
Registration Number
NCT04521426
Lead Sponsor
University Medical Center Groningen
Brief Summary

Rationale:

The pathophysiological changes in respiratory muscle morphology and functioning in patients with end-stage pulmonary disease are not very well known. Furthermore, in COPD, long-term high-intensity NIV is applied without knowing the exact consequences on the lungs and respiratory muscles.

Objective: The aims of the study are to get insight in:

A. changes respiratory muscles in end-stage respiratory disease, comparing COPD with restrictive lung disease (RLD) due to pulmonary fibrosis B. the effects of long-term HI-NIV in severe COPD patients on the respiratory muscles and the lungs; by comparing COPD patients that had been treated with long-term NIV to COPD patients that were not treated with long-term NIV.

Study design: In order to investigate this, the investigators will include in a small pilot cohort study patients being lung transplanted. In these patients there is lung tissue available and respiratory muscle biopsies will be performed during lung-transplant surgery.

Study population: Patients that are listed for lung transplantation for an underlying diagnosis of COPD or RLD will be asked to participate. Three groups will be included: patients with a RLD due to pulmonary fibrosis, COPD patients that had been treated with long-term NIV prior to being lung transplanted and COPD patients that were not treated with long-term NIV. Patients will be included definitely once being lung transplanted.

Main study parameters/endpoints: The study is an exploratory pilot study. Both contractile strength and the structure of single diaphragm and intercostal muscle fibres as well as lung injury; i.e. alveolar structure and damage and inflammation in the alveoli, will be investigated.

Detailed Description

Rationale:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory disease characterised by airway and lung parenchyma damage. At end-stage disease patients may develop chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, a disease characteristic that is however not uniformly seen in other end-stage lung diseases, such as in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. The underlying process for the development of chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure is incompletely understood and the role of respiratory muscle alterations is unclear.

Home noninvasive ventilation with high-intensity ventilatory settings (HI-NIV) has been shown to be effective in these severe COPD patients. However, in patients being mechanically ventilated on the intensive care unit for diverse reasons, high-intensity ventilation, especially high tidal volumes, has been shown to result in ventilator associated lung and diaphragm injury. Whether this occurs in home high-intensity NIV, is however completely unknown.

Objective: The aims of the study are to get insight in:

A. changes respiratory muscles in end-stage respiratory disease, comparing COPD with restrictive lung disease (RLD) due to pulmonary fibrosis B. the effects of long-term HI-NIV in severe COPD patients on the respiratory muscles; i.e. the contractile strength and the structure of single diaphragm and intercostal muscle fibres and the lungs; i.e. alveolar structure and damage and inflammation, by comparing COPD patients that had been treated with long-term NIV to COPD patients that were not treated with long-term NIV.

Study design: In order to investigate this, the investigators will include in a small pilot cohort study patients being lung transplanted. In these patients there is lung tissue available and respiratory muscle biopsies will be performed during lung-transplant surgery.

Study population: Patients that are listed for lung transplantation for an underlying diagnosis of COPD or RLD will be asked to participate. Three groups will be included: patients with a RLD due to pulmonary fibrosis, COPD patients that had been treated with long-term NIV prior to being lung transplanted and COPD patients that were not treated with long-term NIV. Patients will be included definitely once being lung transplanted.

Main study parameters/endpoints: The study is an exploratory pilot study. The study aims to get data on respiratory muscle and lung and airway pathology in order to, if important results are observed, set up a larger prospective trial investigating both clinical outcomes and pathology of the respiratory muscles/lungs. Both contractile strength and the structure of single diaphragm and intercostal muscle fibres as well as lung injury; i.e. alveolar structure and damage and inflammation in the alveoli, will be investigated.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
15
Inclusion Criteria
  1. RLD: probable or confirmed diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or other fibrotic lung disease of unknown origin.
  2. COPD: GOLD stage III or IV
  3. Being listed for lung transplantation
Exclusion Criteria
  1. Concomitant neuromuscular or systemic/collagen-vascular disease
  2. Prior lung surgery (except for lung biopsies) or lung volume reduction treatment
  3. Being unable to understand the patient information and consent for the study

Study & Design

Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Design
Not specified
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Lung FibrosisNo other than standard care1. probable or confirmed diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or other fibrotic lung disease of unknown origin. 2. being listed for lung transplantation
COPD standard therapyNo other than standard care1. COPD: GOLD stage III or IV 2. being listed for lung transplantation 3. did not underwent LVR surgery or endoscopic LVR 4. not being treated with chronic NIV
COPD with long-term NIVNo other than standard care1. COPD: GOLD stage III or IV 2. being listed for lung transplantation 3. did not underwent LVR surgery or endoscopic LVR 4. being treated with chronic NIV before lung transplantation (at least 1 months, at least 4 hours per day).
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Ventilator-associated lung injury gene-expressionduring surgery

Gene-expression profiling of epithelial cells with regard to inflammatory factors

Ventilator-associated lung injury serum sRAGEduring surgery

serum sRAGE

Ventilator-associated lung injury fibrinduring surgery

interstitial fibrin

Ventilator-associated lung injury BAL MIP-2during surgery

BAL MIP-2

Ventilator-associated lung injury alveolar cellsduring surgery

histopathological changes to type I alveolar cells

Ventilator-associated lung injury BAL sRAGEduring surgery

BAL sRAGE

Ventilator-associated lung injury inflammatory cellsduring surgery

Inflammatory cells influx in the alveoli

Ventilator-associated lung injury serum IL-1betaduring surgery

serum IL-1beta

Respiratory muscle morphology and functioningduring surgery

Biopsies of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles will be taken during surgery

Ventilator-associated lung injury BAL IL-1betaduring surgery

BAL IL-1beta

Ventilator-associated lung injury serum TNF-alfaduring surgery

serum TNF-alfa

Ventilator-associated lung injury serum IL-6during surgery

serum IL-6

Ventilator-associated lung injury serum IL-8during surgery

serum IL-8

Ventilator-associated lung injury BAL TNF-alfaduring surgery

BAL TNF-alfa

Ventilator-associated lung injury BAL IL-6during surgery

BAL IL-6

Ventilator-associated lung injury serum MIP-2during surgery

serum MIP-2

Ventilator-associated lung injury BAL IL-8during surgery

BAL IL-8

Ventilator-associated lung injury basal membraneduring surgery

histopathological changes to the basal membrane

Ventilator-associated lung injury edemaduring surgery

edema in the alveoli and interstitium

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Lung Function_FVCduring surgery

FVC

Blood gasses_PaCO2during surgery

PaCO2

Ventilatory settingsduring surgery

Settings of the NIV

Blood gasses_HCO3-during surgery

HCO3-

Demographics_ageduring surgery

age

Demographics_genderduring surgery

gender

Demographics_BMIduring surgery

BMI

Lung Function_FEV1during surgery

FEV1

Ventilatory useduring surgery

Duration of usage (longitudinally and use per day)

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University Medical Center Groningen

🇳🇱

Groningen, Netherlands

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