A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial to Assess the Effects of a Lean Pork-containing, High-protein Breakfast on Indices of Satiety and Metabolic Health in Men and Women With Pre-diabetes
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Pre-diabetes
- Sponsor
- Midwest Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research
- Enrollment
- 22
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Net incremental area under the curve (AUC) appetite VAS ratings
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 7 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
The goal of this study is to assess the effects of consumption of a lean pork-containing, high-protein breakfast versus a refined carbohydrate-rich breakfast on satiety and cardiometabolic parameters in overweight or obese adults with pre-diabetes.
Detailed Description
This is a randomized, crossover trial that includes two screening visits, one baseline visit, and two test periods of 2 weeks each, each ending with a test visit, separated by a 2-week washout. Subjects consume each day a refined carbohydrate-rich breakfast containing 8/66/26% kcal from protein/carbohydrate/fat, respectively (Control Condition), or a high pork protein breakfast containing 35/39/26% kcal from protein/carbohydrate/fat, respectively (Active Condition). Study products for daily breakfast consumption will be dispensed to the subjects at the beginning of each test period. Subjects will complete 3-day diet records at baseline and the end of each test period, and a daily Appetite Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Diary to asses perceived hunger and fullness each evening before retiring throughout each test period. VAS assessments of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, focus and energy will also be assessed at the clinic visit at the end of each test period, pre- and post-breakfast consumption (multiple time points). Subjects will also complete a palatability questionnaire at the each of each test period. Blood samples will be collected at fasting at baseline and pre- and post-breakfast consumption (multiple sampling) at the end of each test period to evaluate glucose, insulin, and lipoprotein lipid concentrations.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Body mass index 25.0-39.9 kg/m2
- •At least 1 of the following: a) capillary glycated hemoglobin 5.7-6.4%, b) fasting capillary glucose 100-125 mg/dL, or c) capillary glycated hemoglobin \<5.7% and borderline fasting capillary glucose level 95-99 mg/dL and a subsequent fasting venous plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL
- •Self-identified "regular breakfast consumer" and willing to eat study foods as a breakfast meal
- •Access to freezer and a food re-heating appliance
- •Judged to be in good health on basis of medical history
Exclusion Criteria
- •Fasting laboratory test results of clinical significance (e.g., triglycerides ≥500 mg/dL, capillary glucose ≥126 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5%)
- •Uncontrolled hypertension
- •Recent major trauma or surgical event
- •Recent weight change ≥4.5 kg
- •History or presence of clinically important endocrine, cardiovascular, pulmonary, biliary, or gastrointestinal disorders
- •Recent history or presence of cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer)
- •History of extreme dietary habits
- •Vegan or vegetarian
- •History of eating disorder diagnosed by health professional
- •Known intolerance or sensitivity to study products
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Net incremental area under the curve (AUC) appetite VAS ratings
Time Frame: 2 weeks
Difference between test conditions in net incremental AUC from pre-consumption (t = -15 minutes) to t = 240 minutes for VAS ratings for appetite (fullness, hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption)
Secondary Outcomes
- Net incremental AUC focus and energy VAS ratings(2 weeks)
- Total AUC VAS ratings(2 weeks)
- Individual time points for VAS ratings(2 weeks)
- Lipoprotein lipids(2 weeks)
- Composite daily hunger and fullness VAS ratings(2 weeks)
- Energy intake at lunch(2 weeks)
- Glucose total AUC and incremental AUC(2 weeks)
- Insulin total AUC and incremental AUC(2 weeks)
- Homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S)(2 weeks)
- Triglyceride postprandial total AUC and incremental AUC(2 weeks)
- Homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic beta-cell function (HOMA-%B)(2 weeks)