Efficacy Study of T Cell Depleted Allogeneic Non-myeloablative Stem Cell Transplant

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Hodgkin's Disease
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Myelodysplasia
Myeloma
Leukemia

Interventions: Drug: Non-myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation

Registration Number: NCT00597714

Lead Sponsor: David Rizzieri, MD

Brief Summary: The central hypothesis of this study is that use of a less toxic chemotherapy preparative regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in combination with T cell depletion with alemtuzumab for patients with high risk hematologic malignancies will allow effective control of disease and improved disease free and overall survival compared with historical expectations. Specifically, the objectives are to estimate toxicity, disease free, progression free, event free, and overall survival rates in patients treated with alemtuzumab T cell depleted, reduced intensity preparative regimen followed by allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation; evaluate immune recovery following this reduced intensity allogeneic immunotherapy; develop an in vitro assay to allow patient individualized targeted dosing.

Detailed Description: The central hypothesis of this study is that use of a less toxic chemotherapy preparative regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in combination with T cell depletion with alemtuzumab for patients with high risk hematologic malignancies will allow effective control of disease and improved disease free and overall survival compared with historical expectations. Specifically, the objectives are to estimate toxicity, disease free, progression free, event free and overall survival rates in patients treated with an alemtuzumab T cell depleted, reduced intensity preparative regimen followed by allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation; evaluate immune recovery following this reduced intensity allogeneic immunotherapy; develop an in vitro assay to allow patient individualized targeted dosing. The study population is HIV negative, adult patients who are not pregnant but have confirmed diagnosis of disease; must have Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) performance status (PS) 0, 1, or 2; must have a 3-6/6 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor or 8/8 (A, B, C, DRB1, DQ are the primary determinants) or better HLA-matched unrelated donor who is evaluated and deemed able to provide peripheral blood stem cells (PBPCs) and/or marrow by the transplant team. The target population of patients is those with a high chance of progressive lymphoid or myelomatous diseases, progressive myeloid diseases, marrow failure syndromes or myeloproliferative disorders.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 264

Inclusion Criteria

Subjects must have their diagnosis confirmed at the transplant center.
Performance status must be Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) = 0, 1, or 2.
Subjects must have a 3-6/6 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor or 8/8 or better allele level match matched unrelated donor (MUD) (at A,B, C, DRB1, DQ).
HIV negative.
Women of child bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 1 week of starting therapy.
Subjects > or equal to 18 years of age are eligible.
Subjects must have a Multi Gated Acquisition Scan (MUGA) and/or Echocardiography (ECHO) or cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) and or diffusing capacity testing of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) performed before transplant.
Specific populations:
- Group A) Subjects with a high chance of progressive lymphoid or myelomatous diseases.
- Group B) Subjects with a high chance of progressive myeloid diseases, marrow failure syndromes or myeloproliferative disorders

Recipient

Exclusion Criteria

Pregnant or lactating women.
Subjects with other major medical or psychiatric illnesses which the treating physician feels could seriously compromise tolerance to this protocol.
Subjects with uncontrolled, progressive infections.
Subjects who are good candidates for long term disease control with standard chemotherapy or radiation or high dose therapy and autologous support.
Subjects with active central nervous system (CNS) disease.

Donor Inclusion Criteria:

Donor must be capable of providing informed consent. If 14-17 years of age, a 'single patient exemption' from the local Institutional Review Board must be obtained.
Donor must not have any medical condition which would make mobilization or apheresis more than a minimal risk, and should have the following:
1. Adequate cardiac function by history and physical examination. Those with a history of cardiac failure or infarction should be evaluated by a cardiologist prior to donation
2. Adequate hematopoietic function with hematocrit ≥ 30%, white blood cell count of 3000, and platelets 100,000.
Females should not be pregnant or lactating and have a negative serum pregnancy test within 1 week of beginning mobilization if of child bearing potential.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Cohort A - Lymphoid Disease	Non-myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation	Group A: Patients with a high chance of progressive lymphoid or myelomatous disease undergo Non-myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation.
Cohort B - Myeloid Disease	Non-myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation	Group B: Patients with a high chance of progressive myeloid diseases, marrow failure syndromes or myeloproliferative disorders undergo Non-myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Disease Free Survival	2 years	Estimate disease free survival rates in participants treated with an alemtuzumab T cell depleted, reduced intensity preparative regimen followed by allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates after SCT were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We performed univariate comparisons by using the log-rank test. DFS was defined as the period of time between the day of transplantation and either disease relapse or death due to the disease. The following variables were considered as confounders: recipient age, recipient sex, disease (myeloid or lymphoid), disease risk (standard or high), and donor type (MRD, MUD, or HAPLO donor). The percentage of participants who were disease free at 2 years is reported by donor type.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Graft Failure	180 days	Estimate toxicity including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in participants treated with an alemtuzumab T cell depleted, reduced intensity preparative regimen followed by allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy were performed 3-5 weeks after transplant to assess donor-cell engraftment. Primary Graft Failure was defined as a neutrophil count below 500/μL or the absence of donor-derived hematopoiesis (\<5%donor cells) before relapse, death, or re-transplantation. Secondary Graft Failure was defined as the achievement of primary engraftment and a subsequent decrease in neutrophils to 3 consecutive counts of less than 100/μL or the absence of donor-derived hematopoiesis (\<5% donor cells) before relapse, death, or re-transplantation.
Immune Recovery	1 year	Evaluate immune recovery following this reduced intensity allogeneic immunotherapy. Quantification of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was performed by flow cytometry on fresh peripheral blood at approximately 1 month before transplantation and then 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. The immune recovery rates of the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in the MRD, MUD, and HAPLO groups were compared by performing an analysis of variance at each time point after transplantation. The median T cell counts at 12 months for each type of cell are reported by donor type.
Progression Free Survival	2 years	Progression-free survival (PFS) rates after stem cell transplant were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We performed univariate comparisons by using the log-rank test. PFS was defined as the period of time between the day of transplantation and either the day underlying disease progression was documented or death occurred by any cause. The following variables were considered as confounders: recipient age, recipient sex, disease (myeloid or lymphoid), disease risk (standard or high), and donor type (MRD, MUD, or HAPLO donor). The percentage of participants progression free at 2 years is reported by donor type. Progression = \> 25% increase of serum M-protein and/or urine M-protein. Also, an absolute increase in bone marrow plasma cells \> 10%, new bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or increase in the size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas or development of hypercalcemia that can be attributed solely to the plasma cell proliferative disorder.
Overall Survival	2 years	Estimate overall survival rates in participants treated with an alemtuzumab T cell depleted, reduced intensity preparative regimen followed by allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates after SCT were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We performed univariate comparisons by using the log-rank test. OS was defined as the period of time between the day of transplantation and death. The following variables were considered as confounders: recipient age, recipient sex, disease (myeloid or lymphoid), disease risk (standard or high), and donor type (MRD, MUD, or HAPLO donor). The percentage of participants surviving 2 years by donor type is reported.