Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block in Scoliotic Adolescents Undergoing Posterior Spine Instrumentation . A Randomized Controlled Trial

All patients will be assessed clinically and investigated for Pulmonary function test and Echocardiography. Laboratory work needed will be: Complete blood count (CBC); prothrombin time and concentration (PT& PC); partial thromboplastin time (PTT); bleeding time (BT); clotting time (CT) and liver function tests.

an online randomization program (http://www.randomizer.org) will be used to generate random list and to allocate patients into the two study groups. Random allocation numbers will be concealed in opaque closed envelops.participants and those assessing/analyzing the outcome(s) will be blind to group assignment.

Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) cream will be applied to the site of venous puncture. After insertion of venous access, all children will receive midazolam at a dose of 0.1 mg/Kg. Intraoperative monitoring will include continuous electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximetry, invasive arterial blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2), inhaled gas analyzer and temperature monitoring.

General anesthesia will be induced in both groups (Erector Spinae group and control group) using propofol 2.5 mg/kg over 20-30 seconds, atracurium 0.5 mg/kg to facilitate endotracheal intubation and fentanyl 1 µg/kg. Anesthesia will be maintained using isoflurane (1 MAC) and atracurium infused as 0.5 mg/kg/hr. All patients will receive IV ranitidine 2 mg/kg, ondansetron 0.1 mg/kg, cefotaxime 50 mg/kg and acetaminophen 15 mg/kg. An arterial catheter and a urinary catheter will be placed. Then patients will be turned to the prone position.

In group E: will receive Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) In group C: control group will receive another dose of fentanyl 1 µg/kg 1 minute before start of skin incision. After end of surgery and emergence from anesthesia, patients will receive continuous intravenous morphine with 0.03 mg/kg/hr.