Esomeprazole Magnesium With or Without Aspirin in Preventing Esophageal Cancer in Patients With Barrett Esophagus

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Esophageal Cancer
Barrett Esophagus

Interventions: Drug: esomeprazole magnesium
Drug: acetylsalicylic acid
Other: placebo

Registration Number: NCT00474903

Lead Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Brief Summary: This randomized phase II trial is studying the effect of esomeprazole magnesium and aspirin on tissue PGE2 levels compared with esomeprazole and placebo. This type of chemoprevention treatment investigates the use of certain drugs to assess whether they assist in the prevention of cancer. The use of esomeprazole magnesium with or without aspirin may help prevent esophageal cancer in patients with Barrett esophagus.

Detailed Description: PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the effects of a 28 day intervention with aspirin 81 mg placebo orally (PO) once daily (QD) + aspirin 325 mg placebo PO QD + esomeprazole 40 mg PO BID versus aspirin 81 mg PO QD + aspirin 325 mg placebo PO QD + esomeprazole 40 mg PO BID versus aspirin 325 mg PO QD + aspirin 81 mg placebo PO QD + esomeprazole 40 mg PO BID on the absolute change in tissue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration, as determined from Barrett's esophagus mucosal biopsy samples obtained pre- and post-intervention (i.e. two pair-wise comparisons of two different doses of active aspirin regimens versus aspirin placebo group), Specifically, the two active aspirin + esomeprazole arms will be independently analyzed to see if they significantly reduce the mean tissue PGE2 concentration from Pre- to Post-intervention as compared to the aspirin placebo + esomeprazole arm.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine if the change in the tissue PGE2 concentration decreases significantly in the aspirin placebo + esomeprazole arm.

II. To compare the change in mean tissue PGE2 concentration between the two active intervention arms to determine which one appears the most promising for further testing.

III. To assess the effects of the three agents (arms) with respect to proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (caspase-3 expression), COX-2 expression, and p16 methylation using Pre- and Post-Intervention biopsy samples obtained from Barrett's mucosal tissue.

IV. To evaluate all adverse events associated with each of the three intervention arms.

V. To provide exploratory summaries of PGE2 concentration values by patient subgroups of interest.

VI. To provide descriptive summaries of the esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) results, the rate of dysplasia, adverse events, and the Run-In Agent compliance on all participants that signed a consent form and started the Run-In phase of the trial.

VII. To establish a biospecimen repository archive for future correlative studies.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients are stratified according to dysplasia status, gender, and length of Barrett segment of circumferential involvement (5 cm vs = 5 cm). Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms.

ARM I: Patients receive two oral placebos once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium twice daily.

ARM II: Patients receive oral acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and oral placebo once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium twice daily.

ARM III: Patients receive a higher-dose of oral aspirin (higher than in arm II) and a lower-dose of oral placebo (lower than in arm II) once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium twice daily.

In all arms, treatment continues for 28 days in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Tissue samples are collected before and after treatment and examined for tissue-based biomarkers (i.e., PGE_2, Ki-67, caspase-3 apoptosis, and cyclooxygenase-2) by immunohistochemistry, enzyme immunoassay, Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed 7 - 30 days.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 122

Inclusion Criteria

Histologically confirmed Barrett esophagus, meeting all of the following criteria:
- Presence of specialized columnar epithelium anywhere in the tubular esophagus with ≥ 2 cm of circumferential involvement
- No evidence of high-grade dysplasia or cancer by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
- No prior histologically confirmed esophageal dysplasia, including cancer
Adequate Barrett mucosa, defined as ≥ 4 of 8 research samples with≥ 50% intestinal metaplasia in research biopsies
No ulcer, erosion, plaque, nodule, stricture, or other luminal irregularity within the Barrett's segment or erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles classification > grade A) detected at pre-intervention EGD exam
Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2
Hemoglobin normal
Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm³
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 times ULN
Bilirubin ≤ 2.5 times ULN
Creatinine ≤ 2.5 times ULN
Not pregnant or nursing
Negative pregnancy test
Fertile patients must use effective contraception
No nasal polyps associated with asthma or induced or exacerbated by aspirin
No malignancy within the past 5 years except for nonmelanoma skin cancer
No history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to the study agents or rescue medication
No history of endoscopically or radiographically diagnosed peptic ulcer disease (bleeding or nonbleeding)
No other uncontrolled illness including, but not limited to, any of the following:
- Ongoing or active infection
- Symptomatic congestive heart failure
- Unstable angina pectoris
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Bleeding disorder
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Alcohol abuse (defined as ingestion of ≥ 3 drinks per day)
- Psychiatric illness or social situations that would limit study compliance
At least 3 months since prior chronic use (defined as ≥ 7 days during the 3 months preceding the beginning of the Run-in phase) of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAIDs), or selective cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors
At least 3 months since prior investigational agents except innocuous agents with no known interaction with the study agents (e.g., standard dose multivitamins or topical agents for limited skin conditions)
No prior fundoplication, bariatric surgery, or any other major upper gastrointestinal surgery
- Prior cholecystectomy allowed
No other concurrent NSAIDs (including aspirin) or selective COX-2 inhibitor therapy
No concurrent anticoagulant drugs including, but not limited to, any of the following:
- Warfarin
- Heparin
- Low-molecular weight heparin
- Clopidogrel bisulfate
- Extended-release dipyridamole

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Arm I (placebo, esomeprazole magnesium)	esomeprazole magnesium	Patients receive two oral placebos once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium (40 mg, twice daily).
Arm II (low-dose aspirin, esomeprazole magnesium)	esomeprazole magnesium	Patients receive both an oral placebo and acetylsalicylic acid (81 mg dose), once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium (40 mg, twice daily).
Arm I (placebo, esomeprazole magnesium)	placebo	Patients receive two oral placebos once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium (40 mg, twice daily).
Arm III (higher-dose aspirin, esomeprazole magnesium)	placebo	Patients receive both an oral placebo and acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg dose), once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium (40 mg, twice daily).
Arm III (higher-dose aspirin, esomeprazole magnesium)	esomeprazole magnesium	Patients receive both an oral placebo and acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg dose), once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium (40 mg, twice daily).
Arm II (low-dose aspirin, esomeprazole magnesium)	placebo	Patients receive both an oral placebo and acetylsalicylic acid (81 mg dose), once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium (40 mg, twice daily).
Arm II (low-dose aspirin, esomeprazole magnesium)	acetylsalicylic acid	Patients receive both an oral placebo and acetylsalicylic acid (81 mg dose), once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium (40 mg, twice daily).
Arm III (higher-dose aspirin, esomeprazole magnesium)	acetylsalicylic acid	Patients receive both an oral placebo and acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg dose), once daily and oral esomeprazole magnesium (40 mg, twice daily).

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in Mean Tissue Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Concentration as Determined From Barrett's Research Mucosal Biopsy Samples	Baseline to 30 days after completion of study treatment	The mean tissue PGE2 is reported for each Arm.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Toxicity	Up to 30 days after completion of study treatment	Toxicity is defined as adverse events that are classified as either possibly, probably, or definitely related to the interventional agent, graded using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0. The number of patients reporting adverse events will be tabulated by grade.