The Effects of Neurodevelopmental Therapy on Feeding and Swallowing.

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Cerebral Palsy

Interventions: Other: Structured neck and trunk stabilization exercises
Other: Feeding and oral motor intervention strategies
Other: Caregiver training related to feeding

Registration Number: NCT04403113

Lead Sponsor: Marmara University

Brief Summary: Our study is planned to investigate the effects of neck and trunk stabilization exercises, which are structured from Neurodevelopmental therapy method-Bobath concept (NDT-B) principles, on feeding and swallowing activity in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) who take feeding and oral motor intervention strategies. The cases were divided into two groups, which is the group receiving feeding and oral motor intervention strategies+structured neck and trunk stabilization exercises (n=20) (Study Group) and those receiving feeding and oral motor intervention strategies (n=20) (Control Group).

Detailed Description: Feeding and oral motor interventions address different aspects of feeding difficulties, reflecting the range in specific problems associated with feeding and nutrition in CP.

The trunk plays an important role in the organization of postural control and balance reactions because it holds the centre of all body mass and holds therefore, the centre of gravity. The trunk also provides stable attachment points to those muscles that control the head and neck regions. "Neck and trunk stabilization exercises" were the basis of static and dynamic balance abilities, and that increased neck and trunk stability might have had a positive effect thereon.

To achieve the alignment of the head with the trunk, the pelvis must be stabilized. This has important consequences for the entire process of swallowing. If the head is not stable, then the fine movements of the jaw and tongue needed for feeding will be impaired. With feeding and oral motor interventions and structured neck and trunk stabilization exercises, these parameters are positively affected.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 40

Inclusion Criteria

Cases with Cerebral Palsy who had difficulties in feeding/swallowing skills.
Cases who were cooperative without communication barriers and volunteering to participate in the study were included.

Exclusion Criteria

In the Videoendoscopic Swallowing Study, he/she was not included in the study if he/she had an aspiration or aspiration risk, had advanced vision and hearing loss, used any pharmacological agent to inhibit spasticity, or had undergone orthopaedic surgery or Botulinum Toxin-A injection in the past six months.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Study Group (SG)	Structured neck and trunk stabilization exercises	feeding and oral motor intervention strategies+structured neck and trunk stabilization exercises+caregiver training related to feeding (Study Group)
Control Group (CG).	Feeding and oral motor intervention strategies	feeding and oral motor intervention strategies+caregiver training related to feeding (Control Group)
Study Group (SG)	Feeding and oral motor intervention strategies	feeding and oral motor intervention strategies+structured neck and trunk stabilization exercises+caregiver training related to feeding (Study Group)
Study Group (SG)	Caregiver training related to feeding	feeding and oral motor intervention strategies+structured neck and trunk stabilization exercises+caregiver training related to feeding (Study Group)
Control Group (CG).	Caregiver training related to feeding	feeding and oral motor intervention strategies+caregiver training related to feeding (Control Group)

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
the Mini-Manual Ability Classification System (Mini-MACS)	Immediately before the intervention, the evaluation was performed in the first session (only one time).	Mini-MACS is a functional classification that defines how children with cerebral palsy between the ages of 1 and 4 use their hands while holding objects in daily activities. Skill classes at five levels, based on the need for self-help and adaptation when children hold objects. Level I. Handles objects easily and successfully. Level V. Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)	Change from PedsQL was assessed in 0 week (Baseline, in the first session), 6. week (6 weeks after treatment, in the 12th session).	The Quality of Life Scale for Children is a general quality of life scale which assesses the physical and psychosocial experiences independent of disease in children between the ages of 2 and 18 years. The scale is composed of 23 items. The items are scored between 0 and 100. The higher the score for the Quality of Life Scale for children, the better is the perception of health-related quality of life. In our study, the total score of the scale was used.
Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)	Immediately before the intervention, the evaluation was performed in the first session (only one time).	The gross motor functions of children with cerebral palsy were classified with GMFCS. GMFCS is a 5-level classification system. It uses gross motor skills. The aim is to present an idea of how self-sufficient a child can be at home, at school, and outdoor and indoor venues. GMFCS includes levels that reflect abilities ranging from unlimited walking (level I) to severe head and trunk control limitations. Requires extensive use of assisted technology and physical assistance, and wheelchair (level V). The higher level in GMFCS means a worse and severe outcome. The low levels mean good motor function.
the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS)	Immediately before the intervention, the evaluation was performed in the first session (only one time).	EDACS describes the eating and drinking skills of children with cerebral palsy from the age of 3. It is an ordered scale that defines the degree of assistance required during the meal and the individual's ability to eat and drink between five levels. Level I, safely and efficiently eating and drinking; at level V, it indicates unable to eat or drink safely, relies on tube feeding and is at high risk for aspiration.
Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS)	Change from TIS was assessed in 0 week (Baseline, in the first session), 6. week (6 weeks after treatment, in the 12th session).	TIS is a validated scale for cerebral palsy that evaluates the trunk functionally in terms of strength in a sitting position. It also complies with the International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health in terms of evaluating the static and dynamic balance and trunk coordination of the trunk and the relationship between body function and structures. TIS consists of three subscales: static, dynamic and coordination. For each item; sequential scales with 2, 3 or 4 values are used. The highest scores that can be obtained from the static, dynamic and coordination subscales are; it is 7, 10 and 6 points. Total points are obtained by adding all subscales. The total TIS score ranges from 0 to 23. A high score indicates good trunk control.
Schedule for Oral Motor Assessment (SOMA)	Change from SOMA was assessed in 0 week (Baseline, in the first session, Before treatment), 6. week (6 weeks after treatment, in the 12th session, After treatment).	SOMA is a measure which identifies "oral-motor dysfunction" (OMD). SOMA involves videotaping children and later assessing their feeding skills. Test was implemented in the presence of the child's main caregiver. The entire assessment lasted 20-30 minutes. SOMA has 7 subcategories. Each subcategory has its own cut-off point. Among the "yes" or "no" options opposite the observed parameters, the appropriate one is marked. In some options, the "yes" option indicates an abnormal function, while in some options the "no" option indicates the presence of an abnormal function. BOTTLE, TRAINER CUP, CUP(Cutting Score): ≥ 5 indicates OMD. \< 5 indicates normal oral-motor function(OMF). PUREE: ≥ 3 indicates OMD. \< 3 indicates normal OMF. SEMI-SOLIDS, SOLIDS: ≥ 4 indicates OMD. \< 4 indicates normal OMF. CRACKER: ≥ 9 indicates OMD. \< 9 indicates normal OMF. BOTTLE, CUP, PUREE, SOLIDS; minimum(mi) score: 0, maximum(ma): 9. TRAINER CUP; mi: 0, ma: 14. SEMI-SOLIDS; mi: 0, ma: 8. CRACKER; mi: 0, ma: 22.