To Linguistically and Psychometrically Validate the Hong Kong Chinese Version of the BPH 3-item Questionnaire

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

18 - 90 years old Chinese male subjects presented with male-LUTS for at least 4 weeks
The subjects are able to read and fully comprehend with the content of the questionnaires
The subjects are willing to give informed consent for the study

Exclusion Criteria

peak uroflow ≤4mL/sec;
post-void residual (PVR) ≥300 mL;
unable to give informed consent
need of clean intermittent self-catheterization / indwelling urethral catheterization at the time of enrolment;
Surgical treatment (e.g. TURP) of bladder outlet obstruction / symptomatic benign prostate enlargement (BPE) ≤ 3 months before entry into the study
clinical suspicion / presence of untreated urethral stricture and/or bladder neck stenosis,
clinical suspicion / presence of genitourinary cancer including active prostate cancer with ongoing surgical or radiation treatment, or the need of treatment, or bladder cancer, or persistent unexplained hematuria;
uncontrolled heart failure / diabetes mellitus(DM) / hypertension(HT);
neuropathic bladder;
Currently on dialysis or in consideration for dialysis due to end stage renal disease;
More than 3 urinary tract infections within the last 12 months;
Unstable dose of diuretic within the past 3 months;
Has an artificial urinary sphincter;
Impaired mental status;
male-LUTS due to urinary tract infections / chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain

Study & Design

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Subject who is waiting for their transurethral ablative prostate surgery	BPH 3-item questionnaire	Male subjects who are waiting for BPH surgery and are still able to pass urine on their own without the need of assistance or urethral catheterization.
Subject with male LUTS	BPH 3-item questionnaire	Male subjects who have been bothered by male LUTS for at least 4 weeks and are still able to pass urine on their own without the need of assistance or urethral catheterization.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Reliability of BPH 3-item questionnaire	up to 24 weeks	Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest correlation. (ρ) correlation, with the IPSS (total score / voiding domain (ie Q.1, 3, 5, 6) and prostate volume measured by TRUS.
Internal consistency of BPH 3-item questionnaire	up to 24 weeks	Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficients, with \>0.7 being considered acceptable
The convergent validity of the BPH 3-item questionnaire	up to 24 weeks	was estimated by Spearman rho (ρ) correlation, with the IPSS (total score / voiding domain (ie Q.1, 3, 5, 6) and prostate volume measured by TRUS.
Test-retest reliability of BPH 3-item questionnaire	up to 24 weeks	Test-retest reliability was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient. Values between 0.6 and 0.8 indicate substantial agreement, and values over 0.8 indicate near-perfect agreement

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method

Recruitment & Eligibility