Effect of slow deep breathing on blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic mellitus patients

The present study aimed to determine the effect of slow deep breathing exercise on blood pressure in patients with hypertensive diabetes mellitus. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus commonly coexist and significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular complications, making effective blood pressure control essential in this high-risk population. Although pharmacological management is widely used, non-pharmacological interventions such as breathing exercises are gaining importance as complementary strategies. An experimental pre and  post intervention study with a control group will be conducted on 30 participants aged 35–65 years diagnosed with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants will be randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 15 subjects in each group. The experimental group will perform slow deep breathing at a rate of six breaths per minute for 15 minutes twice daily for four weeks, while the control group will continue routine care without physiotherapy intervention. Baseline and post-intervention measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation will be recorded and analysed The study will evaluate the effectiveness of slow deep breathing as a safe, low-cost, and accessible physiotherapy intervention