Investigating the Protective Effect of Newer Antidiabetic Drugs on Cognitive Decline in Diabetic Patients

The investigators propose to profile diabetic patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors using different parameters and compare them to others on more traditional anti-diabetic therapy. Regression and comparative statistics will be used to determine whether the targeted drug classes offer a benefit in terms of cognitive function. If a trend (or correlation) is determined, a bioinformatic approach will be adopted to perform a network analysis including the targets of these drug classes and pathways showing in datasets of the inflammatory or metabolic parameters altered by the drug. This network analysis is intended to provide further mechanistic insight into the pathways involved in the observed drug action.

The patients targeted will be divided into the following groups:

1. Diabetic patients treated with metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors and/or SGLT2 inhibitors
2. Diabetic patients treated with metformin only

This will be in addition to a group of healthy non-diabetic controls to serve as a baseline reference.