Determine How Consumption of Dairy Fat as Cheese Influences Inflammation-Phase 2
- Conditions
- Metabolic SyndromeObesity
- Registration Number
- NCT01803633
- Lead Sponsor
- University of California, Davis
- Brief Summary
Phase 2 of this study involves determining how consumption of cheese compared with a non-dairy cheese substitute influences inflammation over a six hour period.
- Detailed Description
Phase 2 is a randomized crossover study designed to determine how consumption of cheese compared with a non-dairy cheese substitute influences postprandial inflammation in participants who have 2 or more risk factors of metabolic syndrome or BMI ≥ 30.
Eligible participants will arrive to the Western Human Nutrition Research Center (WHNRC) at the University of California (UC) Davis campus on the morning of each test day after a 10-12-hr overnight fast. Upon arrival participants will fill out a questionnaire about their dietary and medication intakes and physical activity for the past 72 hours to ensure compliance. Compliant participants' weight and blood pressure will be measured and a fasting blood draw will be taken before participants consume their test meal (cheese or non-dairy cheese substitute). Participants will only consume this test meal and water freely for the duration of the test day. Blood will be drawn serially at 1, 3 and 6 hours postprandially. Participants will be tested on a second test day two weeks after the first test.
On the second test day, participants' body composition and bone mineral density will be measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 20
- Age 18-65 years
- Two or more components of metabolic syndrome:
Central obesity (waist circumference greater than 40 inches for men and 35 inches for women); fasting blood triglycerides greater than or equal to 150 mg/dL; plasma HDL cholesterol (Less than 40 mg/dL for men and less than 50 mg/dL for women); blood pressure greater than or equal to 130/85 mmHg; fasting glucose greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL
or
- BMI equal to or greater than 30
Metabolic Disorders:
- BMI > 40
- Body weight more than 400 lbs.
- Any immune related diseases such as autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma,
- Gastrointestinal disorders including Crohn's Disease, colitis, diverticulitis, irritable bowel disease, celiac, malabsorption syndrome
- Cancer
- Known presence of significant metabolic disease which could impact the results of the study (i.e. hepatic, renal disease)
- Type II diabetes
- Use of over-the-counter anti-obesity agents (e.g. containing phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, and/or caffeine) within the last 12 weeks
- Use of corticoid steroids within the last 12 weeks
- Daily use of anti-inflammatory pain medication
- Self report of eating disorder
- Poor vein assessment determined by WHNRC's phlebotomist
Dietary/supplements:
- Known allergy or intolerance to study food (lactose intolerance, dairy, wheat allergies)
- Vegetarian (defined as abstinence from consumption of eggs, dairy, poultry, beef and pork)
- More than 1 serving of fish per week
- More than 14 grams of fiber per 1000 kcal per day
- Less than 16:1 of total dietary omega 6: Omega 3 ratio
- More than 1% of daily energy as trans fats
- Initiation of anti-inflammatory supplemental fish, krill, flax, borage and primrose seed oils within the last 12 weeks
- Dietary supplements consisting of concentrated soy isoflavones, resveratrol, other polyphenols identified as modulators of inflammation Medications
- Initiation of statin therapy within the last 12 weeks Lifestyle
- More than 10% weight loss or gain during the past 6 months
- Recent initiation (past 4 weeks) of exercise program
- Plan to become pregnant in the next 6 months
- Pregnancy or lactation
- Recent initiation or cessation of hormonal birth control or change in hormonal birth control regimen within the last 12 weeks
- Use of tobacco products
- More than 2 standard alcoholic drinks per day.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Plasma inflammatory mediators 0, 1, 3, 6 hr postprandial Plasma cytokines will be measured using a multi-plex immunoassay and plasma oxylipins will be measured by mass spectroscopy.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Plasma lipid profile 0, 1, 3, 6 hours postprandial Plasma lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C) will be measured by enzymatic analysis by UC Davis Pathology Lab.
Urinary metabolites 0, 1, 3, 6 hours postprandial Urinary metabolites will be measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Plasma glucose 0, 1, 3, 6 hours postprandial Plasma glucose will be measured by enzymatic analysis by UC Davis Pathology Lab.
Red blood cell functionality 0, 1, 3, 6 hours postprandial Red blood cells isolated from whole blood will be measured for sheer stress using an in-vitro microfluidic assay.
Plasma bone markers 0, 1, 3, 6 hours postprandial Plasma N-terminal telopeptide (NTX), C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) will be measured by multi-plex immunoassay.
Plasma lipoprotein size distribution 0, 1, 3, 6 hours postprandial Plasma lipoprotein size distribution and lipoprotein concentrations will be measured by LipoScience using NMR spectroscopy.
Related Research Topics
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Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center
🇺🇸Davis, California, United States
USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center🇺🇸Davis, California, United States