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Comparison of Different Forms of Recovery on the Functionality After Physical Exercise

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Massage
Muscle, Skeletal
Cryotherapy Effect
Functional Disturbance
Inflammatory Response
Interventions
Other: Immersion in cold water
Other: Active recovery
Other: Passive recovery
Other: Foam Roller Recovery
Registration Number
NCT04201977
Lead Sponsor
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Brief Summary

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and decrease of musculoskeletal function are due to high intensity training and / or sports activities. These occur due to micro lesions of muscle tissue resulting in nociceptor sensitization. Non-pharmacological interventions to attenuate DOMS and favor muscle recovery have been studied. These interventions aim to maintain performance levels, especially in competitions. Among these interventions, cryotherapy (cold water immersion) and active recovery already have good clinical evidence. Currently a new proposal has been gaining ground for myofascial self-release (foam roller), however its mechanisms and clinical evidence are not yet well established. The aim of the present research is to compare the effects of passive recovery, active recovery, cold water immersion recovery and recovery through myofascial self-release on DOMS and the functionality of healthy volunteers undergoing resistance exercise.

Detailed Description

The volunteers included in the study will perform an evaluation to verify the eligibility criteria, physical evaluation (weight, height, systemic blood pressure) and functional capacity to determine the exercise parameters. After will be presented to the four interventions, ie the recovery techniques after the exercises favoring their adaptation. There will be four resistance exercise sessions followed by interventions with a one week interval between each session. Interventions (passive recovery = 1, active recovery = 2, recovery with IAF = 3 and recovery with myofascial self-release = 4) will be randomized. Functionality assessments will be performed before and one hour after the intervention protocol. DOMS will be evaluated 24 and 72 hours after the exercise protocol. Evaluators will be blind to interventions.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
Male
Target Recruitment
50
Inclusion Criteria
  • Male,
  • Literate,
  • Normotensive volunteers,
  • Aged minimum18 to maximum 35 years old,
  • Physically active (IPAQ scale).
  • Body mass index (BMI: kg / m2) greater than 30
Exclusion Criteria
  • Use of food supplements and medication
  • Consume alcoholic beverages (+ once a week)
  • Present of musculoskeletal disorders,
  • Previous diagnosis of diseases (rheumatologic, cardiovascular diseases, as well as neurological, oncological, immunological and hematological diseases)
  • Psychiatric and / or cognitive problems.

On the day of the exams will be excluded:

  • Volunteers who present symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders,
  • Consume ergogenic substances (24h),
  • Consume alcoholic beverages and foods containing alcohol or caffeine (24h)
  • Have performedintense physical activities 72 hours before the exam.

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
CROSSOVER
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Exercise session followed immersion in cold water recoveryImmersion in cold waterThe interval between each exercise session will be one week. Prior each to the exercises sessions (4), volunteers will undergo specific warm-up in each exercise adopted (a series of 15 repetitions with 40% of the maximum load obtained in the 10RM test). The exercise sessions will consist of four sets for 10RM, with an interval of one minute between sets and two minutes between exercises. The exercise sequence (extension chair, squat and leg press) will be randomized through a closed brown envelope draw. Prior to the 10RM test and data collection, standardized instructions regarding the experimental procedure and exercise technique will be provided. Verbal stimuli to the volunteer will be performed during the evaluations and exercises (TEIXEIRA et al., 2014a, 2014b). Volunteers will be immersed in cold water immediately after exercise protocol (MACHADO et al., 2016b; MCDERMOTT et al., 2009).
Exercise session followed active recoveryActive recoveryThe interval between each exercise session will be one week. Prior each to the exercises sessions (4), volunteers will undergo specific warm-up in each exercise adopted (a series of 15 repetitions with 40% of the maximum load obtained in the 10RM test). The exercise sessions will consist of four sets for 10RM, with an interval of one minute between sets and two minutes between exercises. The exercise sequence (extension chair, squat and leg press) will be randomized through a closed brown envelope draw. Prior to the 10RM test and data collection, standardized instructions regarding the experimental procedure and exercise technique will be provided. Verbal stimuli to the volunteer will be performed during the evaluations and exercises (TEIXEIRA et al., 2014a, 2014b). Active recovery for 20 minutes (MIKA et al., 2016; CRISAFULLI et al., 2003; FAIRCHILD et al., 2003; VANDERTHOMMED; MAKROF; DEMOULIN, 2010);
Exercise session followed passive recoveryPassive recoveryPrior each to the exercises sessions (4), volunteers will undergo specific warm-up in each exercise adopted (a series of 15 repetitions with 40% of the maximum load obtained in the 10RM test). The exercise sessions will consist of four sets for 10RM, with an interval of one minute between sets and two minutes between exercises. The exercise sequence (extension chair, squat and leg press) will be randomized through a closed brown envelope draw. Prior to the 10RM test and data collection, standardized instructions regarding the experimental procedure and exercise technique will be provided. Verbal stimuli to the volunteer will be performed during the evaluations and exercises (TEIXEIRA et al., 2014a, 2014b). The interval between each exercise session will be one week. Volunteers will not perform any form of recovery for 20 min after resistance exercise session (TEIXEIRA et al., 2014a, 2014b).
Exercise session followed foam roller recoveryFoam Roller RecoveryThe interval between each exercise session will be one week. Prior each to the exercises sessions (4), volunteers will undergo specific warm-up in each exercise adopted (a series of 15 repetitions with 40% of the maximum load obtained in the 10RM test). The exercise sessions will consist of four sets for 10RM, with an interval of one minute between sets and two minutes between exercises. The exercise sequence (extension chair, squat and leg press) will be randomized through a closed brown envelope draw. Prior to the 10RM test and data collection, standardized instructions regarding the experimental procedure and exercise technique will be provided. Verbal stimuli to the volunteer will be performed during the evaluations and exercises (TEIXEIRA et al., 2014a, 2014b). Volunteers will undergo an FR session immediately after resistance exercise session (PEARCEY et al., 2015).
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Isometric peak torque30 minutes after the interventions

Isometric peak torque will be measured by a load cell of a tensile-compression dynamometer (EMGSystem, São José dos Campos, Brazil), with a capacity of 500 Kgf and a resolution of 0.1 kg, a set of fixing cables, a A/D converter board (EMGSystem, São José dos Campos, Brazil), connected to a computer and analyzed by the software EMGSystem Lab V1.2_ 2010. For each muscle group, a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 10 measurements of each movement will be performed. This variation in the number of measurements is so that the last measurement is not the highest value during the test and so that the three highest values differ by less than 5%. For analysis will be considered the highest value (NELLESSEN et al., 2015). During the evaluations, standardized and vigorous verbal encouragement will be performed during the maneuver, with the aim of stimulating the individual to exert maximum effort during the entire muscle contraction time.Data will be presented in kgf.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Delayed onset muscle sorenessDOMS will be evaluated 24, 48 and 72 hours after the exercise protocol.

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) will be evaluated by visual analog scale (EVA). The scale ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum bearable pain).

Subjective exertion perception30 minutes after the interventions

Subjective exertion perception ny the Borg scale (FOSTER et al. 2001). The scale ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum bearable pain). Data will be presented in points average.

Flexibility30 minutes after the interventions

The flexibility will be assessed by the Bank of Wells and Dilon (SIGNORI et al., 2008) and Lunge Test (CHISHOLM et al. 2012). Data will be presented in centimeter (cm).

Muscle endurance30 minutes after the interventions

Muscle fatigue strength will be assessed by the sit-up test (TVETER et al., 2014). Data will be presented by the number of repetitions.

Muscle power30 minutes after the interventions

Muscle power will be assessed by single-limb general function (Single Hop Test) (BOLGLA; KESKULA, 1997). Data will be presented in centimeter (cm).

Agility30 minutes after the interventions

Agility will be assessed by t-test (LATORRE ROMÁN ; VILLAR MACIAS; GARCÍA PINILLOS, 2017). Data will be presented in seconds (s)

Speed30 minutes after the interventions

Speed will be evaluated by 30-meter test (PEARCEY et al., 2015). Data will be presented in seconds (s).

Systemic blood pressure60 minutes after the interventions

Blood pressure (BP) monitoring (Systolic blood pressure - SBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure - DBP and Mean Blood Pressure - MBP) will be performed using a multiparametric monitor (Dixtal, model 2021, Manaus, Brazil). The cuff will be positioned on the right arm with the patient positioned in the supine position on the stretcher. Data will be presented in mmHg.

Heart rate variability60 minutes after the interventions

Heart rate variability (HRV) will be assessed before exercise and after interventions. The autonomic balance will be evaluated by the HRV, for the acquisition of the signal will be used a Polar frequency pulse model 810i (GAMELIN; BERTHOTOIN; BOSQUET, 2016). The acquisition of the electromyographic signal (ECG sampling rate - 1 kHz) of the RR interval time series will be acquired by continuous interval and will occur before and immediately after the interventions. For data collection the volunteer will remain lying supine at rest for 10 minutes and after standing for the same period of time, after the procedure will be repeated with breath control (16 movements per minute; I / E: 2 / 3) (NARDI et al., 2017). The analysis will be done by spectral power density (European Society of Cardiology \& The North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, 1996). Data will be presented absolute units (ms2) and your normalized units (n.u.).

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Luis Ulisses Signori

🇧🇷

Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil

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