Recent Experiences With Concussions

Not Applicable

Withdrawn

Brief Summary: College athletes will be recruited to complete a voluntary online survey that will take approximately 10 minutes. In this survey, they will answer a series of questions related to the concussion symptoms they have experienced in their recent sports season, their opinions related to concussions and concussion treatment, and demographics.

Detailed Description: College athletes will be recruited to complete a voluntary online survey that will take approximately 10 minutes. In this survey, they will answer a series of questions related to the concussion symptoms they have experienced in their recent sports season, their opinions related to concussions and concussion treatment, and demographics.

Of interest, participants will indicate what concussion symptoms they have recently experienced in one of four formats, to which they will be randomly assigned. Participants will either \*check the symptoms they have experienced, \*check the symptoms they have not experienced, \*uncheck the symptoms they have experienced, or \*uncheck the symptoms they have not experienced. It is believed that an alternative method of reporting symptoms that requires participants to indicate the symptoms they have not experienced will lead them to report having experienced a greater number of symptoms, based on past research regarding inclusion vs. exclusion modes of thought.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Check symptoms one has not experienced	Symptom elicitiation	Participants place a check mark next to each symptom they have NOT experienced in the most recent sports season.
Check symptoms one has experienced	Symptom elicitiation	This is the baseline condition. When asked to indicate concussion symptoms (or most other kinds of symptoms for medical conditions), people usually place a check mark next to each symptom they have experienced.
Uncheck symptoms one has experienced	Symptom elicitiation	To begin, all symptoms will be automatically checked. Participants are told to remove a check mark from each symptom they have experienced in the most recent sports season.
Uncheck symptoms one has not experienced.	Symptom elicitiation	To begin, all symptoms will be automatically checked. Participants are told to remove a check mark from each symptom they have NOT experienced in the most recent sports season.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of symptoms	Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes	Participants are asked to indicate how many symptoms were experienced during their most recent sports season.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Beliefs about responses to concussions	Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes	Using questionnaire, participants rate the extent to which they think others are concerned about concussions and should respond to concussions
Perceived risk of concussions	Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes	Using questionnaire, participants rate their perceived risk of having a concussion compared to the average American and the average college athlete over the next year.
Knowledge about concussions	Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes	Using questionnaire, participants rate their own knowledge about concussions
Concern about concussions	Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes	Using questionnaire, participants rate their concern over having experienced a concussion in the past.
Estimated number of concussions	Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes	Using questionnaire, participants estimate the number of concussions they experienced in the most recent sport season and in their life.
Concern about concussions for health	Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes	Using questionnaire, participants rate their concern about the risk concussions present to their health