Association Between Breakfast Consumption Frequency And Physical Fitness Variables In Post-Menopausal Women

A higher health status is thought to be linked to breakfast intake. It has been demonstrated that skipping breakfast on a regular basis is linked to a reduced quality of life, which includes a drop in physical fitness, a decrease in psychological well-being, and a decline in general health(1). In fact, researchers have recently started to pay attention to the link between eating breakfast and physical function (3,5). Breakfast is the first meal of the day that breaks the fast after the longest period of sleep and is consumed within 2 to 3 hours of waking Some researchers defines breakfast as an eating occasion that occurred between 5 AM and 10 AM on weekdays, and 5 AM and 11 AM on weekends(2). Eating breakfast on a daily basis increases intake of nutrients like calcium, iron, folate, and dietary fiber. Irregular breakfast consumption may contribute to grip strength decrease owing to nutrient imbalance; indeed, nutrition deficiency is a well-known predictor of low muscle function and muscle strength loss(3).

Loss of muscle strength has been associated to falls, loss of independence, functional impairment, and disability. Maintaining one’s independence and standard of living requires muscle strength. Therefore, it’s critical to comprehend the variables affecting muscle strength in order to encourage healthy growth and prevent chronic illnesses(4).

Menopause is linked to a naturally occurring decline in estrogen, which raises visceral fat content and reduces strength, muscular mass, and bone density.

Women may lose muscle strength and power earlier than men because of the menopausal transition around the age of 50. There is substantial evidence to suggest that the decline in muscle mass could be related to the fall in estrogen that occurs all throughout the menopausal years. A number of significant factors have a role in the decrease of muscle mass in postmenopausal women (4). Sarcopenia, the progressive loss of muscle tissue, has been suggested as one of the major causes of deterioration of muscle performance with increasing age. It appears that the main causes of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women are oxidative stress, protein consumption, and physical inactivity. Similar to the reduction of muscular mass, menopause appears to coincide with the loss of muscle strength. It’s well knowledge that sarcopenia contributes to a reduction in muscle strength that occurs with age. Reduced muscle strength can be detrimental to impairments in physical functions, including walking speed, ascending stairs, getting out of a chair, and recovering from a loss of balance. Some authors suggested that the loss of muscle strength coincides with the estrogen deficit because of menopause, It is proposed that estrogen has an anabolic effect on muscle by the stimulation of IGF-1 receptors. Through the actions of both IGF-1 and estrogen, estrogen receptors may have an impact on muscle strength. However, muscle mass and strength are likely to be impacted by the decline in both IGF-1 and estrogen that occurs with menopause. muscle strength is known to play an important role in functional performance and quality of life, the decline in power output is the most important factor of muscle strength and function in postmenopausal women, contributing to the risk of falls and fractures. For these reasons, we focused on postmenopausal females in our observational study with the purpose of examining the relationship between breakfast eating frequency and physical fitness measures. It is believed that breakfast consumption might be related to physical fitness because lower energy intake causes decreased muscle strength (6). It is widely recognized that a person’s muscle strength is a reliable indicator of their overall health. In the meanwhile, the most straightforward way to evaluate muscle function in clinical practice is by grip strength evaluation, which is a technique that is advised for measuring muscular strength(5). There was additional evidence linking low grip strength to the existence of chronic illnesses, falls, and disabilities. Consuming breakfast on a regular basis has been related to increased physical activity (PA), which can strengthen grips and stave off strength loss. Thus, results suggest that eating habits may have an impact on grip strength (5). Hence, our study aimed to systemically review that whether eating breakfast is substantially associated with stronger skeletal muscles in the upper and lower limbs as measured by grip strength and a 30-second sit-to-stand test.